Thứ Năm, 1 tháng 3, 2018

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Welcome to our lascomment knowledge channel.

The Challenge of Doctor-Patient Relations in the Internet Age.

"Let me do some research, and I'll get back to you," my patient said.

My patient, a 19-year-old undergraduate, had already taken time off from school because

of her anxiety.

I was her psychiatrist, with over two decades of experience treating university students,

and had just explained my diagnostic impressions based on a lengthy evaluation.

I'd recommended that she try a medicine I expected would help.

I'd also laid out the risks and benefits of other treatment options.

"Do you have additional questions I can answer?"

I asked.

I wanted to let her know that's why I was there, to cull the research, to help make

sense of it.

"No, I like to go online and look for myself," she said.

More and more, I see students turning away from the expertise that a live person can

offer and instead turning to the vast and somehow more objective-seeming "expertise"

of the digital world.

In an age when journalism we don't like can be dismissed as "fake news," suggesting

that the information we do like is most credible, regardless of its source, it's not hard

to understand why young people do this.

The medical profession itself, under managed care, has played a role as well, providing

less time for doctor-patient interactions and undermining the chances that a personal

relationship and trust can develop.

Under the guise of efficiency, medical test results are now often released directly to

patients, sometimes before or even without the benefit of any interpretation.

But there's danger in trusting data over people, as there is in thinking the expertise

of all people is equivalent.

When it comes to health, digital natives may not be learning how to navigate effectively.

And the consequences could be harmful.

The availability of health data on the internet has its benefits.

Online, for example, we can find explanations and solutions for symptoms we might be too

embarrassed, or afraid, to discuss with another person, in person.

Or, for life-threatening diseases, we can locate clinical trials our doctors may not

be aware of.

However, there's also a lot of misleading information, and information that's flat

out untrue.

The internet is full of people selling things — supplements, treatment regimens that have

not been rigorously tested, even prescription medications — and making false promises

that have not been scrutinized by regulatory agencies.

Sometimes, as in the case of "pro-ana" websites that promote "an anorexic diet"

for "aggressive" weight loss, the information can encourage life-threatening behavior.

Many smart, well-educated people think they are immune from the risks of misinformation.

But they underestimate how the experience of illness can affect judgment.

Emotional suffering, in particular, can be profoundly isolating, shaking our sense of

self to its core.

Having other human beings to walk the path with us — doctors and other licensed clinicians

who relay information in the context of a caring relationship — is part of what leads

to better outcomes.

Years ago, when we discussed paternalism versus patient autonomy in my medical school ethics

class, I came down strongly in favor of autonomy.

Who but the patient could best decide what was right for him or her?

But years of clinical — and personal — experience have taught me that information in and of

itself is insufficient.

Judgment is also indispensable, especially in complex situations, and the capacity for

good judgment rests within people, not data sets.

I've had patients refuse antidepressants I know would be likely to help, because they've

read online that they will cause weight gain, even when I explain it's highly unlikely.

I've had patients insist they need a stimulant medication because they fit a brief symptom

checklist for A.D.H.D., balking at my assessment that their substance use or anxiety may better

account for their problems.

I had a student forgo psychiatric treatment after reading online that a gluten allergy

accounted for his symptoms — and his negative gluten allergy test results could not be trusted.

I go online for many things: to choose rentals when I travel, or to research consumer goods

before I buy them.

When I choose a physician, though, I don't rely on the popular consensus found online.

Satisfied patients typically don't bother to post feedback about their doctors online;

dissatisfied ones are more motivated to post complaints.

But those complaints may or may not accurately reflect whether the patients actually got

treatment that was right for them.

Similarly, personal anecdotes of experiences with a particular drug or other form of treatment

may have little relevance to whether that treatment fits another person.

I want professionals whose education, training and actual experience I can trust.

Then, after forcing myself to ask all my questions, even the embarrassing ones, I aim to trust

my doctors' judgment, and their interpretation of the research and data in their field.

My young patient returned two weeks later, having decided to start the medicine I offered.

She was reassured that what she'd read online, and heard from friends, confirmed what I'd

told her.

In her case, the only cost was that she'd delayed treatment by two weeks, deferring

the benefit she might have had in the semester's crunch moments.

Some patients delay for much longer, or opt out of evidence-based treatment in favor of

something of dubious benefit that's hawked online.

When it comes to health, I hope we can help the next generations understand that there

isn't always an app for that.

For more infomation >> Disease treatment through the internet - LAS - Duration: 7:01.

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How to Treat Eye Wrinkles Appearing While Relaxed, with Movement, and Thinned Eyelid Skin - Duration: 9:14.

Thank you for your question.

You submitted your question with several photos.

And you're asking what can you do about your under eye skin, about wrinkles and thin

skin.

And several of your photos you have from different angles and with expression and without expression.

Well, I can certainly share with you how I counsel my patients who come in every day

in my practice with exactly the same concerns.

A little bit of background, I'm a Board-certified cosmetic surgeon and Fellowship-trained oculofacial

plastic and reconstructive surgeon.

I have been in practice in Manhattan and Long Island for over 20 years.

Customizing solutions to help people with wrinkles around their eyes whether it's

with injectables or with regenerative medicine technology and of course the many lasers has

been an evolving and continuously interesting process that helped me really optimize the

treatment strategies for my patients over 20 years in practice.

So to begin with, I always try to help my patients learn some basic principles to help

guide them before they jump on what is the latest and greatest gadget.

So to begin with, it's very important to understand and to distinguish dynamic wrinkles

from static wrinkles.

When you're smiling, when you're moving and the skin appears to wrinkle more, you

have to understand that there is a dynamic process.

So when I say dynamic, I'm basically talking about muscle action.

So to help manage wrinkling from muscle action, you use a neurotoxin such as Botox® or Dysport

and that helps to diminish the intensity of the wrinkling with movement.

That's fairly straightforward.

And so it's been well established particularly around the eyes that it's very good for

crow's feet lines as well as some activity of the muscle underneath the eyes.

Now when it comes to the quality of the under eye skin, I would say a lot has been learned

at least from my perspective over the years of different modalities being introduced.

And in the mid 90s and in the late 90s, the procedure of choice was to use ablative CO2

laser.

And although it certainly worked very effectively, over the years, what I realized especially

as people got older that their skin continued to get thinner and then you have to ask yourself

what's the upper limit.

How much can you laser the under eye skin?

The eyelid skin is the thinnest skin in the body.

It is half a millimeter in thickness.

And so as time went on, of course, less ablative lasers like the Erbium laser came along and

then came the fractional lasers.

But further, what has helped me a lot in my practice has been a strategy where I try to

help counteract the progressive thinning of the skin which occurs with aging.

It is a commonly held belief in the medical community that after the age of 20, you lose

1% of collagen in the skin every year.

Now that is very meaningful so in a way you also want to try to be proactive and help

build the skin and find ways to strengthen the skin.

And this is where something called platelet-rich plasma (PRP) comes into play.

A lot of my patients who have crepey skin and fine wrinkled skin from aging as well

as sun exposure and smoking, what I do is basically skin rehabilitation.

We periodically inject with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) under the skin to help build

the skin up and to improve it.

We can also employ light microneedling or the use of a skin booster to help deliver

PRP to stimulate collagen as well as deliver hyaluronic acid within this very thin layer

of skin.

When it comes to also ways to stimulate skin with thermal energy, well we can do everything

from a fractional CO2 laser or fractional Erbium laser as well as this additional modalities

such as long pulsed Erbium lasers that can be used to help tighten the skin or generate

heat into the skin without taking out the top layers of skin and that also has become

another strategy that I've been employing to help manage the skin.

Basically, you cannot eliminate it but you can improve it.

And the goal is to do as little significant trauma to the skin and do as much as you can

that can sustain the skin quality for as long as possible.

So it's very common for me to customize a treatment plan which involves the regular

use of a neurotoxin, use of PRP as well as the lasers depending on what kind of skin

issue there is whether it's a long pulsed Erbium, fractional CO2, fractional Erbium.

What I would caution you is not to be overly aggressive.

Patients come all the time who have had multiple lasers, who have had thermal energy devices

especially the more aggressive high intensity radiofrequency devices and they often complain

that their skin got worse, the skin got crepier.

And it's a very important detail to consider.

Remember that the skin is so thin, it's half a millimeter in thickness.

It's practically transparent.

It has to be treated very carefully, very gently.

And you cannot eliminate wrinkling but you can manage it.

And so I think that this technology of regenerative medicine with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for

me has been very useful.

And it is also further important to understand that in addition to the wonderful interventions

that we have, prevention is very important.

And so it's important to wear sunblock, protect your skin.

The eyelid skin as I said earlier is the thinnest skin of the body and it is vulnerable to a

lot of environmental stressors such as sun exposure and smoking.

So meet with qualified, experienced doctors who can help you learn about these modalities.

Be careful about not just jumping on the train of whatever is the latest and greatest devices.

If you've been around this field for any time, you have learned that things are literally

hot for awhile and then become very cold very quickly.

And so it's important to find a doctor who has that experience and judgement to guide

you in a way that is appropriate and ethical and will be in your best interest and with

your understanding of the limitations and that's very important.

So I hope that was helpful, I wish you the best of luck and thank you for your question.

For more infomation >> How to Treat Eye Wrinkles Appearing While Relaxed, with Movement, and Thinned Eyelid Skin - Duration: 9:14.

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Chagas disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology - Duration: 7:57.

Chagas Disease, also called American trypanosomiasis, is a parasitic disease common in Central and

South America, caused by a protozoan called Trypanosoma cruzi or T. cruzi for short.

T. cruzi is transmitted through the feces of the insect triatominae.

Triatominae is a type of reduviid bug also called the kissing bug because it typically

bites people on the face as they sleep at night - one heck of a good night kiss, huh?

The disease gets its name from Carlos Chagas, the physician who first described it.

The life cycle of T. cruzi starts with the epimastigote T. cruzi which sits in the lumen

of the Reduviid bug's midgut.

–Mastigote refers to the whip-like structure called a flagellum which protrudes from the

center of the T. cruzi and helps it move around.

While in the midgut, the epimastigote multiplies through binary fission.

Over time, the epimastigote transforms into a trypomastigote and at that point it loses

its ability to divide, but the trade-off is that it gains the ability to invade human

cells.

In fact "trypo" means to bore or punch into.

Reduviid bugs feed off the blood of humans, and they prefer biting a person's face,

which is why they're also called kissing bugs.

But unlike a normal kiss, the reduviid bug then defecates at the bite site, and if the

reduviid bug is infected with T. cruzi, the feces can contain trypomastigotes.

These trypomastigotes can then infect human skin cells at the bite location; or at mucous

membranes, particularly the conjunctiva of the eyes.

That can happen if a person unknowingly transfers the trypomastigotes by rubbing the bite site

on their face and then touching their eyes.

Once the trypomastigote invades a human cell, it transforms into an amastigote meaning that

it loses its flagellum.

The amastigotes multiply intracellularly, again through binary fission, and then transform

into blood trypomastigotes which can move through the blood and lymph to other tissues.

The blood trypomastigotes then invade more cells, and then again turn into amastigotes

to multiply intracellularly again - and that's how the cycle goes.

Now, a person infected by a T. cruzi infected reduviid bug, can then get bitten by a brand

new reduviid bug.

In that case, that reduviid bug might get infected by the trypomastigotes, and those

trypomastigotes would make their way into the reduviid bug's midgut and then differentiate

into epimastigotes - completing the life cycle.

Transmission from the reduviid bug to a person can also happen through infected organ and

blood donations, which is why blood screening is super important, and it can also spread

from mother to child during a pregnancy.

Now when a person is infected with Chagas disease, there's initially an incubation

period of up to two weeks.

During that incubation period, T. cruzi trypomastigotes invade host cells, amastigotes multiply, and

blood trypomastigote levels begin to increase in the blood.

Usually there's local inflammation as immune cells move towards the area of tissue damage.

When this happens at the bite site it's called a chagoma, and if it happens around

the eye, it can cause eyelid swelling which is called a Romaña's sign.

Further inflammation can also lead to meningoencephalitis, which is inflammation of the membranes covering

the brain and brain tissue, and hepatosplenomegaly, which is when the liver and spleen become

enlarged.

Trypomastigotes have a tendency to target certain tissues and cells - like smooth muscle,

cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle, as well as neurons.

When those cells are damaged it can lead to problems like a pericardial effusion where

fluid collects around the heart which disrupts its function, or issues with the electrical

signals in the heart leading to heart block.

Generalized tissue damage can also lead to symptoms like fevers and fatigue.

The acute phase resolves when T. cruzi trypomastigotes are cleared from the blood, and over time,

antibodies against T. cruzi gradually decrease, indicating that the infection has been cleared.

However, in some individuals, that doesn't happen, and they go on to the chronic phase

of the infection.

In the chronic phase amastigotes linger in infected cells, and there are elevated levels

of T. cruzi antibodies even though trypomastigotes aren't usually in the blood.

The chronic phase can be asymptomatic, but some individuals develop progressive symptoms

from nerve and muscle damage.

The most notable symptom is cardiomyopathy, where the heart gets really large, which in

turn can cause arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation and heart failure.

There can also be nerve damage; and gastrointestinal tract symptoms, like enlargement of the esophagus

and colon - called megaesophagus and megacolon.

The most definitive diagnosis for the acute phase is made by microscopic detection of

blood trypomastigotes in a blood smear or buffy coat preparation.

Polymerase chain reaction to detect T. cruzi DNA is also possible for certain sub-species,

even at very low levels in the blood.

But there's no "gold-standard" for diagnosing the chronic phase of the infection.

Some helpful tools are serology which identifies antibodies or molecular tests that look for

the presence of T. cruzi antibodies or antigens.

There's also xenodiagnosis which is when a reduviid bug's midgut is tested for T.

cruzi.

Finally, imaging like a chest X-ray to look at the size of the heart or a barium swallow

study to look for swelling of the colon can be helpful.

Finally, in the advanced stages, an electrocardiogram can be done to identify arrhythmias.

Treatment depends on the phase of the diseases.

The most effective way to resolve the acute phase beginning anti-parasitic medication,

like benznidazole or nifurtimox, early after infection and continuing for 2 to 4 months.

The chronic phase is mostly about managing the symptoms of cardiomyopathy, like with

pacemakers or anticoagulation medications, and treated cases of reactivation with anti-parasitic

medication.

A heart transplant may become necessary in advanced stages.

Alright, as a quick recap: Chagas disease is caused by an infectious parasite, Trypanosoma

cruzi that is most commonly transmitted through the feces of a reduviid bug after a bite.

In the acute phase, symptoms include inflammation and fever; and in the chronic phase there's

gastrointestinal disease

and cardiomyopathy.

For more infomation >> Chagas disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology - Duration: 7:57.

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Yusuf Buhari pictured thanking the president after his return from treatment abroad - Duration: 1:31.

In a picture shared on Facebook, Yusuf could be seen thanking President Buhari following his successful surgery. we had reported that Yusuf returned to the country after undergoing further treatment overseas.

Though it could not be ascertained where Yusuf had gone for treatment, he arrived the country in a better shape and is expected to resume a normal life.

A statement by Garba Shehu, the senior special assistant to the president on media and publicity, at the time of his accident, said Yusuf was allegedly drag racing with his friend, when the accident happened on December 26, 2017.

Yusuf had first undergone a successful emergency surgery at the Cedarcrest Hospitals, Abuja, which was carried out by a team of neurosurgeons and orthopaedic surgeons.

As his health improved, the presidents son was transferred from the intensive care unit of the hospital to the ward, following which he was certified stable and discharged.

However, This Day reports that sources in the presidency disclosed that shortly after he was discharged from Cedarcrest, he departed the country quietly due to the sensitivity surrounding his treatment abroad.

For more infomation >> Yusuf Buhari pictured thanking the president after his return from treatment abroad - Duration: 1:31.

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Louie Gohmert argues Comey's harsh treatment of Clinton is evidence he was in bag for Clinton - Duration: 1:14.

court hearings.

Steve: The attorney general

made it clear they are going

to look into FISA abuse with

the inspector general of the

department of justice.

Louie, we have so many

investigations going.

You have the Robert Mueller

thing.

The ig looking into the doj.

That's where Peter strzok

got in trouble and got fired

off of the Mueller team.

It's hard to keep track.

But, so a lot of people are

thinking well, aren't they

already looking into Hillary

Clinton's stuff, somebody?

>> Yes.

And my understanding is that

Jeff sessions and some of

the doj are looking into

some of the Hillary Clinton

stuff, perhaps on uranium

one.

But there is so much

voluming the emails and, you

know, okay, did Comey only

come forward right before

the election about we're

reopening Hillary's case

because some of the FBI

agents said either you come

forward or we're going to

quit and we're going to blow

the whistle on how

pro-hillary you've been?

All of that needs to be

investigated and it involved

doj and FBI.

That needs a second counsel

to do that.

Steve: It's up to Jeff

sessions, let's see what he

does.

>> Or the president could

appoint a second counsel

himself.

That's what I mentioned to

the president last July.

For more infomation >> Louie Gohmert argues Comey's harsh treatment of Clinton is evidence he was in bag for Clinton - Duration: 1:14.

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What is music therapy for addiction treatment? - Duration: 1:53.

My, mom's a musician, my grandma she was a musician

It's a family thing. I think music is so crucial to everything that everyone is doing in general.

Everyone loves music; Music is universal so, we want to be able to still like touch musical basis with everybody

So for the non musicians, we still do lyrical analysis

And music groups, drum circles because everyone can hit a drum.

And music just has a way of making you feel things that you can't usually pinpoint.

The, music is really a it's a sensitive thing right like

No one just ups and sings. It's kind of hard to just be like, "Sing on the spot!" So, some of the clients have

Gone from not wanting to sing ever to being able to perform for graduations here.

And therapeutically, I know music is expressive, but I think music is more than that because I've had clients that

were not musicians and still cried because they could relate to the song.

I don't really, want to end up back at place like, back in rehab. So

Having music to remind me of this place and how I was feeling when I got here how

I feel now and how I feel when I leave. I think it's a good tool to, you know, keep you in check.

I think that in this world we're given a lot of different gifts, and we don't know what to do with them.

But I think I've been given a really great opportunity to kind of take this and turn into a positive. So I

Plan on rocking this music program.

Rocking it. Yeah.

you

For more infomation >> What is music therapy for addiction treatment? - Duration: 1:53.

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Lyme Disease Treatment - Johns Hopkins - Duration: 3:37.

- The treatment of Lyme disease is based on antibiotics.

Lyme disease is caused by a bacterial infection.

The bacteria is called Borrelia burgdorferi

and the Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria

is sensitive to certain classes of antibiotics.

The mainstay is doxycycline for adults,

but the penicillin-like antibiotics, such as amoxicillin

and Ceftin, which is a syphilis borne antibiotic

also have activity against Lyme disease.

In children under the age of 12, we generally use

amoxicillin because of the possible side effects

of doxycycline in small children.

The mainstay of treatment is

with pill antibiotics or oral antibiotics.

Occasionally intravenous antibiotics are indicated.

The specific indications for intravenous antibiotics

would be the presence of meningitis

or central nervous system involvement,

and occasionally, harder-to-treat Lyme arthritis

will be treated with intravenous antibiotics.

But by and large, we start with oral antibiotics first,

and reserve intravenous antibiotics

for difficult-to-treat cases.

The treatment of the bacterial infection

with antibiotics is very important.

Without antibiotic treatment, the Lyme bacteria

can evade the host immune system

and can persist in the body for long periods of time.

So the use of antibiotics is critical for Lyme disease.

The antibiotics actually go into the bacteria

preferentially, and they either stop the multiplication,

that's the way doxycycline works,

or in the case of penicillins, they actually disrupt

the cell wall of the bacteria, and kill the bacteria.

So this is very important that the antibiotics

either stop the growth or kill the bacteria,

so that then the host immune response has that leg up

and eradicate the residual infection.

Without antibiotics,

the infection in Lyme disease can persist.

Antibiotics, like all medications

have the potential for side effects.

Not everyone gets side effects, but occasionally people do.

The most common side effect of the penicillin antibiotics

would be diarrhea, and occasionally

even serious cases of diarrhea

caused by the bacteria clostridium difficile.

This bacterial overgrowth condition occurs

because the antibiotics kill the good bacteria

in our bowels, and so it's always very important

to be aware of any diarrhea that might develop.

Some people find the use of probiotics useful

to try to prevent diarrhea.

Any antibiotic can cause skin rashes.

They could be the first sign of an allergy.

So any time you're on an antibiotic

you should be aware of the development

of any itchy or red rash, you should let your doctor know

if you develop a rash while you're on antibiotics.

Occasionally when people start an antibiotic

in acute Lyme disease, their symptoms

actually worsen for the first few days.

This is called a Herxheimer reaction,

and this occurs in Lyme disease when the antibiotic

starts to kill the bacteria.

In the first 24 to 48 hours, these dead bacteria

actually stimulate the immune system to cause more symptoms,

and the Cytokines and Chemokines that are elaborated

can cause increased fever and achiness.

This should be transient and last no more than a day or two

after the initiation of antibiotics.

For more infomation >> Lyme Disease Treatment - Johns Hopkins - Duration: 3:37.

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My Weekly Beauty Treatment - Duration: 6:11.

Hello!

As i promised,

today we're going to talk about

a face treatment

that i do every week at home,

or at least i try to do it,

at least once every two weeks.

A facial treatment that is verry easy to do

and has some verry good results.

I must admit, many tricks about

this treatment

were revealed by Pusa,

from the Api Estetic beauty salon,

where i dearly recommend you to go anytime!

It is senzational, the results are amazing!

At the risk of repeating myself,

i tell you once again that

since i went to this salon,

i use foundation much more rare than i did before,

mabe just for special occasions.

Therefore,

what we need for this treatment

i will show you right away!

Ingredients:

The most common ingredient of this treatment

is in fact: Honey!

Honey, which is also used at the beauty salon

i go to every month.

I think there is no treatment that doesn't involve

this ingredient.

The second ingredient, as easy to find

i think, in every household,

is: Milk

Doesn't matter what kind of milk it is.

Another ingredient that i use for this treatment

is this exfoliating cream

which you can find at DM.

It is an exfoliating cream with peach and

apricot kernels extracts

that does not only exfoliate your face

but it also leaves a pleasant smell

and it hydrates your skin at the same time.

The last but not least ingredient,

is this wonderfull face cream

that must be only kept in the fridge!

It is a face cream also recommended by Pusa

from the Api Estetic Beauty Salon,

100% natural,

you can order it online,

If you want to find out more informations

about this cream and about

many other verry interesting products

and 100% natural

I recommend you to take a look at the Adal facebook page

It is a cream obtained from brown seaweed

with the role of stimulating the production of colagen

anti pigment spots,

That means it evens out and brightens up the skin

and a lot of other interesting ingredients in this cream

i really recommend this cream!

I think it is the best cream i ever used so far

and i dearly recommend it!

You keep it in the fridge, it has 60 ml

so it lasts pretty much

and

in addition to all the advantages about this cream

It smells sensational!

I personally love it!

So, let's start the treatment!

The first step is this exfoliating cream

Step 1: The exfoliating massage

Massage your skin verry good

We can also apply on the neck area, why not

I do this for about 5 minutes

for exfoliating all the skin impurities.

After i finished scrubbing my face,

of course, i will rinse it off

The next step is, of course, Honey,

my favorite step! :D

You can also eat it, why not, it is comestible!

It sticks to your fingers as you can see..

but this is a good way to massage your face

which i also learned from Pusa

from the Apie Estetic beauty salon.

Honey really has a wonderful effect on the skin

I am like a little monster!

Honey monster!

I spilled myself!

I think it's enough!

I'll leave this honey on for about 20-30 mins

After 20 mins...

I will apply

the next ingredient for this treatment,

namely: The milk.

During this treatment, you'll see

that as you reach the next step,

your skin will already feel much softer,

much brighter,

and more hydrated!

Milk is an excelent help for beauty treatments,

it cleans the skin really good,

that is why i think that it is ideal for this treatment!

My face is already started to tighten..

I'll leave the milk on for another 20 mins,

than i'll rinse it off and apply

the cream i was telling you about.

After 20 mins...

I rinsed the milk off

and now i reached the last step

of this treatment

that consists in applying the cream

i told you about earlier

from Adal,

a 100% natural cream

that you only keep in the fridge!

This was today's treatment,

i hope it will be usefull

and i am waiting for your comments about

how did this treatment work out for you

and if it helped your skin.

Kisses!

For more infomation >> My Weekly Beauty Treatment - Duration: 6:11.

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Keranique Tint Texture Color Density Beauty Treatment - Duration: 2:56.

For more infomation >> Keranique Tint Texture Color Density Beauty Treatment - Duration: 2:56.

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Instant Diarrhea treatment by ORS At Home /ORS instant preparation - Duration: 4:51.

For more infomation >> Instant Diarrhea treatment by ORS At Home /ORS instant preparation - Duration: 4:51.

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Heartburn treatment at home | Top 3 home remedies for heartburn | Heartburn relief - Duration: 2:09.

burn treatment at home

here are the top three home remedies for her

baking soda baking soda also known as sodium bicarbonate provides quick and

easy relief from heartburn being a natural antacid it neutralizes

stomach acid and works within minutes giving you relief from heartburn pain

apple cider vinegar if you suffer from heartburn try apple cider vinegar it

triggers the sphincter below the esophagus to close thus preventing acid

from rising it also helps lower the pH of the

stomach contents making it more acidic to improve a digestion

ginger fresh ginger provides relief from heartburn in two ways it's absorbs acid

in the stomach and helps calm the nerves that contribute to heartburn

it reduces the likelihood of stomach acid flowing up into the esophagus it

also reduces inflammation thus providing quick relief from heartburn symptoms

you can use ginger as a spice and cooking eat raw ginger pieces or drink

ginger tea this natural herb can be consumed regularly to prevent heartburn

from recurring

For more infomation >> Heartburn treatment at home | Top 3 home remedies for heartburn | Heartburn relief - Duration: 2:09.

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Hypertension causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology - Duration: 6:28.

Over a billion around the world have hypertension, or high blood pressure, so that pretty much

means it's pretty common.

Let's start by defining it.

Typically, it's represented by two numbers: the top number is the systolic blood pressure,

which is the arterial pressure when the heart is contracting; and the lower number is the

diastolic blood pressure, which is the arterial pressure when the heart is relaxing or refilling.

Most of the time, blood pressure is taken in the brachial artery in your upper arm,

because if the pressure is high there, it's probably high throughout all of the arteries.

The guidelines for categorizing blood pressure have recently changed to reflect a growing

body of evidence that shows that even moderately high blood pressures can significantly increase

your risk for developing heart disease.

Now, 'normal' systolic blood pressure is defined as less than 120 mmHg, and a normal

diastolic pressure is less than 80 mmHg.

Elevated systolic blood pressure is considered between 120 and 129 mmHg and less than 80

mmHg on the diastolic side.

Stage 1 hypertension is between 130 and 139 mmHg on the systolic side, and between 80

and 89 mmHg on the diastolic side.

Stage 2 hypertension is defined as anything that is 140 mmHg or higher on the Systolic

side and 90 mmHg or higher on the diastolic side.

Typically, both systolic and diastolic pressures tend to climb or fall together, but that's

not always the case.

Sometimes, you can have systolic or diastolic hypertension, when one number is normal and

the other is really high.

This is referred to as isolated systolic hypertension or isolated diastolic hypertension.

High blood pressure is a serious problem for the blood vessels because it causes wear and

tear on the endothelial cells that line the inside of the blood vessels.

Just like a garden hose that's always under high pressure, in the long term, blood vessels

can develop tiny cracks and tears that can lead to serious problems, like myocardial

infarctions, aneurysms, and strokes.

Now, about 90% of the time, hypertension happens without a clearly identifiable underlying

reason.

We call this primary hypertension, or essential hypertension.

In other words, over time, pressure in the arteries begins to silently creep up.

And there are a bunch of risk-factors that we've identified for primary hypertension.

And these include: old-age, obesity, salt-heavy diets, and sedentary lifestyles.

With the exception of age, all of these can be improved with lifestyle changes.

And those changes can help reduce hypertension.

About 10% of the time, though, there is a specific, identifiable underlying condition

that is the cause of hypertension; and we call this secondary hypertension.

For example, anything that limits the blood flow to the kidneys, or the renal blood flow,

can cause hypertension, as well as things like atherosclerosis, vasculitis, or aortic

dissection.

This is because the kidneys play a super important role in blood pressure regulation.

When not enough blood flows to the kidneys, the kidney secretes the hormone renin, which

ultimately helps the kidneys retain more water.

That water contributes to more blood in the arteries, making them more full, which leads

to higher pressures.

Other diseases can also cause secondary hypertension.

Fibromuscular dysplasia, which affects young women, can cause the walls of the large- and

medium-sized arteries to thicken.

If it involves the renal artery and limits blood flowing to the kidneys, it triggers

more renin.

Another example is a tumor that produces excess aldosterone, which just like renin, leads

to fluid retention.

Finally, if the blood pressure gets really high really fast, it's referred to as a

hypertensive crisis, and involves a systolic greater than 180 mmHg or a diastolic pressure

greater than 120 mmHg.

Hypertensive crisis can be further split into hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency.

With hypertensive urgency, there hasn't yet been damage to end organs like the brain,

kidneys, heart, and lungs.

In hypertensive emergency, there has shown to be evidence of damage to end organs.

So, for symptoms, usually primary hypertension isn't actually accompanied by any symptoms,

which is why it's sometimes referred to as a "silent killer".

Secondary hypertension might involve a variety of symptoms associated with the underlying

cause.

And finally, hypertensive emergency may involve symptoms like confusion, drowsiness, chest

pain, and breathlessness.

The first choice for treatment of hypertension is lifestyle changes, like changes to the

diet, exercise, and stress reduction techniques.

In addition, there are a variety of antihypertensive medications that may be given in some cases

as well.

Alright, as a quick recap, hypertension, or high blood pressure, affects over a billion

people around the world, and over time is a major risk factor for heart disease and

stroke.

Stage 1 hypertension is defined as 130 to 139 mmHg for the systolic blood pressure and

between 80 to 89 mmHg for the diastolic pressure, while Stage 2 hypertension is defined as greater

than 140 mmHg on the systolic side and greater than 90 mmHg on the diastolic side.

Hypertension usually doesn't cause any symptoms, and the first line of treatment is lifestyle

changes.

For more infomation >> Hypertension causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology - Duration: 6:28.

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Recent Developments in Treatment of T-Cell Lymphomas | TCLLF Presentation Part 5 - Duration: 7:33.

Finally, I'd like to introduce you to recent, very exciting

developments in treatment of

T-cell lymphomas.

In the last 5-6 years,

the advances of science

allowed us to develop

several theraputic agents

that have proven to be very

beneficial and efficacious

in T-cell lymphoma patients

where a lot of prior treatments fail.

Four drugs that I would like to briefly

talk about are

Pralatrexate, Romidepsin,

Belinostat, and

Brentuximab Vedotin.

All of these were approved in the United

States by the Food and Drug Administration

to treat patients with

relapsed and refractory T-cell lymphomas.

Meaning, T-cell lymphomas

that unfortunately came back after

initial therapy, or multiple

prior treatments.

These drugs are examples of

how we try to target

specific switches

specific mechanisms inside the lymphoma cells.

Pralatrexate was the

first drug ever approved to treat

T-cell lymphomas, this was a big victory

of the National Consortium's

international collaborations to

develop new treatments for PTCL.

Pralatrexate is an antifolate,

or anti-vitamin. Remember, we need

folic acid to folate every day

of our life to sustain function

of normal cells. It is

important to build new cells

to build the DNA without

folic acid, we couldn't exist.

It turns out that

folic acid, while important,

it can be withheld,

from normal cells for a certain

period of time. Tumor

cells if you remember, have to

divide very rapidly.

So if we deprive tumor cells

of the folic acid, they're much

more sensitive to this deprivation

and they will start

dying from lack of folic acid coming in.

So Pralatrexate is a next

generation antifolate

or the medicine that blocks folic acid.

It enters the tumor cells with a special pump

called RFC-1.

Penetrates inside the tumor

and binds to the

very critical switch inside

the tumor cell that allows them to

build the DNA.

By blocking that enzyme, by

blocking that switch, it commits the

tumor cell to go away

or die off.

This was the first medicine

as, if you wish, targeted

medicine that allowed us to

attack the tumor cells

based on their need for

vital vitamins.

When we tested Pralatrexate

in patients with T-cell lymphomas

where multiple previous treatments

didn't work, some of the patients

already had bone marrow transplants

and the lymphoma still came back.

We treated over 100 patients with this

drug and Pralatrexate has

shown responses in at least

one third of the patients and

an additional third of the patients had

shrinkage of the tumor. So roughly

two thirds of patients that would have

very little chance of responding to

any other medicine or chemotherapy,

had a clinical benefit.

This was a big breakthrough and

Pralatrexate is now available to treat patients

with T-cell lymphomas.

Next class of medicines

that have proven to be very beneficial

for T-cell lymphoma patients

when nothing else worked

or worked very poorly.

This class of drugs are called

HDAC inhibitors or histone

deacetylase inhibitors. Two medicines that

improved in the United States, two drugs,

Romidepsin and Belinostat.

The way those drugs work

they reprogram tumor cell DNA

if you wish, they tell the tumor

cells to reactivate certain

genes or suppress certain genes

and as an end result of this

manipulation it reprograms

them to either stop growing

die off, or stop

producing toxic chemicals.

When Romidepsin and

Belinostat were tested in patients

with T-cell lymphomas that

did not respond to

many prior treatments again,

some patients had transplants, once

again, about a third of the patients had

significant tumor shrinkage,

additional third, tumor shrinkage of

a lesser degree, overall about

2/3 of the patients had benefitted

where many other treatments or

all treatments failed to work.

Finally,

we are looking into

ways to deliver

chemotherapy, or toxic chemicals

specifically to tumor cells

without affecting other organs.

The answer came from the

very basic of the immune system.

The antibodies, the same molecules

that are produced by our B-cells

to fight the infection,

are very specific to what they bind.

So if you were to design the antibody,

they look like little

forks, that can

attach to a specific target.

It will not touch anything else.

Now imagine that if a tumor has

the target and no other cells in your

body has the target, the antibody will

go straight for the tumor.

Now, a lot of these drugs were developed

before, but

what if you attached a very

toxic chemotherapy to the

tail of that antibody

and it would be stuck there, be very

stable, it does not fall off,

then you administer the antibody

it finds the tumor cell, attaches

to it, then this toxic molecule

will attack the tumor cells.

And will not attack anything else.

And actually that's exactly

what happened. Brentuximab Vedotin was

one of the few

first immunoconjugate, we

call them, drugs.

That is composed of the

antibody against the molecule

called CD30 that's present

on some of the T-cell lymphomas.

It carries a very toxic

compound that

is bound to the tail of the antibody.

And it stays there until

the antibody gets inside

the cell.

So if you infuse it

it goes into the patient's blood,

blood delivers it everywhere,

they find and attach to tumor cells,

the tumor cells

engulf the antibody, suck

it in, and try to destroy it.

By trying to destroy it it

liberates the toxin, and

the toxin is released inside the tumor cell.

Voila, you have the toxin

developed straight to the tumor cells

without affecting anything else.

When we tested this medicine

when we tested this drug in lymphomas

that expressed a lot of CD30,

we've seen something we have never seen before.

Ninety percent of the patients

where none of the treatments worked

had the response.

And 60% of patients

the tumor melted away, where

we did not see any remnants of

lymphoma on any PET scans

or CT scans. In other words,

the patient has entered complete remission.

So this became a very powerful

treatment tool for patients

specifically with

lymphoma that expresses CD30,

called anaplastic large cell lymphoma

when all the other treatments failed.

So between Pralatrexate

Belinostat, Romidepsin,

Brentuximab Vedotin,

in the past 5-7 years we have

four new agents to treat patients with

T-cell lymphomas. This was a

huge development

facilitated by creating

collaborations with other centers

and focusing specifically

on how to treat patients with this rare

and very aggressive type of immune system cancer.

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