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Sleep Apnoea in Children:Symptoms, diagnosis and importance of early treatment

What is Sleep Apnoea

pause and breathing for about 10 seconds that's what to sleep apnea is defined as

really it's an obstruction in the air flow to the lungs and hence the oxygen

supply to the brain so there's a pause and breathing for a few seconds but this

could be happening for lots of episodes of sleep apnea could be happening during

the nights during the child's sleep here so if it's happening a lot of times

that's a lot of oxygen deprivation to the brain and we know the brain cells

they die off that's true people think sleep apnoea only happens to fat

people that's not true it's there in children and I'm sure you

talked to some of the teachers and schools and they'll be able to tell you

this children that are they're not doing so well not able to pay attention may be

disruptive in the classes and when you look at those children then you often

just see that there are mouth breathing children they've read too many faces ask

a few more questions those moms will tell you those kids are all moving all

around the bed they're tired in the morning or as they're running around

with too much energy and they're tired later on and they they're not able to

pay attention and they don't do well in School

What are the early signs of sleep apnoea in children that parents need to look for?

teeth grinding the mouth open at night , recurrent infections, chesty coughs: you may notice your child's

bedwetting or they might be waking up with nightmares quite regularly that's

another indication because that's when the brain is really getting disturbed

because of the lack of oxygen and maybe they're not doing so well in school or

they're not able to pay attention but sleep apnoea is a big problem today and

it can be happening in your child and you may not know that

Should I be concerned if my child or somebody in my family snores?

it's not a normal thing to be happening really if patients are having disturbed

sleep or the snoring is an indicator that airflow may not be efficient to the

lungs and hence the oxygen supply again to the brain if the oxygen supply isn't

efficient then of course brain cells are going to be affected here and this has

been shown and the MRI scans now that their areas in the brain are actually

obliterated and especially memory cells

modern research now is telling us a little bit more that these children with

ADHD in fact it may be not really a disease but just more of a symptom of

breathing disorders at nighttime and their behavior has changed and of course

they're unlabeled as possibly on a spectrum when in fact

it might only be actually a sleep disorder they have their Airways were

developed as a younger age they may not have any problems and we are seeing that

as well. because when there isn't efficient oxygen supply to the brain the

brain is a very greedy organ it needs it so initially it's going to instruct the

cerebellum area to start you know let's get the heart rate going up and the

blood pressure will rise and the adrenal glands will start producing more

adrenaline we're starting to get more sugar supply the diabetes is another

factor that's that's going to be playing into any disturbance in and breathing at

nighttime so chronic illnesses then you know irritable bowel and Crohn's disease

other things have been mentioned we still can't prove everything here but

certainly all these patients that tend to have sleep apnoea are more prone to

stroke for instance snoring we know creates plaque buildup in the carotid

artery and these plaque buildups as you know can easily just fly off and

cause someone to have a stroke

when we see children with

their mouth open, the problem with mouth open is that

we're not getting the tongue up into the roof of the mouth to guide the face to

grow forwards so what happens then is the structure is growing in a negative

way the lower jaw is beginning to fall down and roll backwards we got to

realize we have to have enough room in their mouth for all the teeths that we

are designed to have which is 32 teeth later on we also need room for our

tongue and as soon as the face is growing downwards and backwards the

tongue doesn't have enough room in there later on so it's sitting further back in

the airway and as soon as it starts to sit further back in the airway it has a

negative effect an airflow into the lungs and the child may find that

they're struggling for air at night it may move around the bed at night they

possibly could have sleep apnea if the tongue is obstructing air flow at all

even for a few seconds our brain needs oxygen all the time if it's not getting

it there is going to be problems

so if we have a tube you know a breathing tube here in the throat this

is the collapsible part of the airway now it's slightly supported at the fact

that the whole front of it is collapsible and if you're not working

those muscles and there are many muscles that I'm talking about in this whole

area between the chin this hyoid bone and right down to the clavicle or the

collarbone and the breastbone or the sternum if you're not working those

muscles and they're all the ones we work in myofunctional therapy you're going to

end up with flaccid or flabby muscles and that's where you have your apneas

the super important thing about treating children early enough is that you can

guide a face to grow forward to get the jaws further forward improve the size of

the airway and as soon as the airway is bigger they're breathing better they're

sleeping better, they're standing better they're looking better

For more infomation >> Sleep apnea - Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in Children: Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment - Duration: 7:01.

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Dialysis patient denied treatment due to paperwork delays - Duration: 2:20.

For more infomation >> Dialysis patient denied treatment due to paperwork delays - Duration: 2:20.

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Factors determining the effectiveness of treatment with ATG following transplantation - Duration: 5:13.

ATG is an antibody which was introduced more than 30 years ago and it was

introduced to prevent GvHD and to prevent rejection of the graft. It

has been used in various doses in various timings, in pediatrics, in adults,

and what I have presented yesterday— what my lab group has analyzed over the last

five/six years is that the dosing— or that the pharmacokinetics is very

variable between the various patients. So, we have analyzed the pharmacokinetic

profiles from about 500 patients, pediatric and adult patients, in an age

range between 0 and 70 years and what we found is that these pharmacokinetic

profiles were all over the place. By developing and validating a

pharmacokinetic model, we found out that below the weights of 40 kg, the two

predictors for the ATG clearance were weight and absolute lymphocyte

count, and above the weight of 40 kg, it was only absolute lymphocyte count. So,

dosing ATG in the older children and the adult population is probably not to do

by weights but to do by absolute lymphocyte count. And after having

developed this PK model, we were obviously interested in what is

the relation between the various exposures of ATG after transplantation

and the outcomes: survival, GvH, relapse, etc., and what we found that depending on

the setting of the transplant, myeloablative setting non-myeloablative

setting, there's an optimum of ATG exposure. For instance, in the myeloablative

setting, using marrow or unrelated cord blood, the best exposure after

transplantation needs to be very low, but this does not suggest that we should

not give ATG, because we also found out that giving ATG before or having a

certain exposure of ATG before transplantation related to lower

incidence of GvHD. So, there is a place for ATG, but give it early and give it

before the transplantation. And in the adult population using non-myeloablative

regimens, there needs to be a certain exposure of ATG after the

infusion of the cells. Those who were under-exposed, they had a higher incidence

of acute GvHD and higher non-relapse mortality and

those who were overexposed in this analysis, faced more relapse and

subsequently a lower survival. How can we target— how can we get to this optimal

exposure? Using this model, we have developed it's better to those the

patients based on absolute lymphocyte count and not based on weight because

the absolute lymphocyte count, that's the receptor load in the body and when you

have low receptors to be bound to, you will have a very slow ATG clearance,

and it's likely that you will be overexposed, but you have a high

absolute lymphocyte count, you have a lot of receptors circulating so the ATG will

bound and will be cleared much faster. So, that was more or less a summary of

what I spoke about yesterday and as a little add-on to this

presentation, I also showed in this presentation that's the

context where ATG is given is also very important so do you give the AT— do you

use for instance TBI or do you use a chemotherapy-based conditioning regimen,

this influences the absolute lymphocyte count. So, if you get first for instance

TBI, your absolute lymphocyte count will be lower. So, it's important to consider the

conditioning regimens, because this will influence the absolute lymphocyte count

on the day of the ATG dose.

For more infomation >> Factors determining the effectiveness of treatment with ATG following transplantation - Duration: 5:13.

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Tongue Tie Treatment - O'Connor Dental Health - Duration: 2:56.

Dr. Tony O'Connor: The assessment , diagnosis and treatment of tongue tie

there's various types of tongue-tie, we identify for different grades and the

obvious ones most people as when the child can't get the tongue past their

lower lip and they're really tied down and most of these children would have

been picked up much earlier in hospital but we are seeing many more kids who

miss that and they're coming in with like what we'd call a grade two tongue

tie when we identify that we have to give instructions to the child and the

mother in how to get them to do exercises prior to doing a release

when we do the release with a laser were literally just melting that tight little

attachment under the tongue and allowing the tongue free and it's fairly simple

it only takes two or three minutes

yes there will be a little bit of discomfort following day usually do me

it varies everybody heals in different way so some people may have pain for one

or two days some people might have discomfort for over a week it's pretty

hard to judge that but they'll all get a big improvement as long as they maintain

the exercises for a couple of weeks well I think it's safer to use laser in my

hands it's safer I feel it minimizes bleeding and I find the healing

afterwards is quicker and while with the laser I can see the attachments and the

connective tissue attachments in a much more easier fashion than it would be

with with a scalpel or scissors

sometimes without us the the relief can be very quick a following day or even

sometimes in the following hour they're feeling better it's quite phenomenal the

relief that people get

they may be able to move their necks better they may be able to even walk

better they don't feel as much tension in their face and their head someone

will tell you that you know I've slept a lot better since I got my tongue tie

release actually the first lady I did she she did start doing your yoga

postures a lot better

well children won't report really anything significant

about their tongue they might tell you yes I can lick an ice cream much better

For more infomation >> Tongue Tie Treatment - O'Connor Dental Health - Duration: 2:56.

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Current landscape and future prospects for Hodgkin lymphoma treatment - Duration: 1:39.

Well right now there are still two standards of care for first-line treatment

of Hodgkin lymphoma. That's ABVD and BEACOPP escalated, so the two competing

European regiments which are being used all over the world, and that's in my

hands a choice which is not only made by me but also by the patient based on

individual risk profiles and preferences and which toxicities are important for

you, for example the fertility, which is

reduced or destroyed by BEACOPP escalated might be an issue to some patients and

not to others. So that's a really a patient-centered approach. Then the novel

agents, which are the ones you're asking about, they are not really accessible yet

outside of clinical studies so I don't have to make that choice yet,

but hopefully and probably very soon we are going to get approval for one or

more of the novel agents in first-line. And we'll have to

wait and see what the clinical landscape will look like. Hopefully we will have

the option of including patients in more clinical studies to

come because certainly there are a few answers that have been given by the

studies already performed and the ones that are being performed now, but

even more questions are opening and left to be answered by clinical studies in

the future. So hopefully we will have more clinical studies answering, not only

can we or can we not use the novel agents but how should we use them? Should

we sequence? Should we give it in combination? And to what patients?

For more infomation >> Current landscape and future prospects for Hodgkin lymphoma treatment - Duration: 1:39.

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Natural Herbs & Essential Oils For Asthma Treatment & Prevention Remedies - Duration: 8:02.

Natural Home Remedies For Asthma.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder that is responsible for the deaths of more than

250,000 persons every year.

While there are many corrective and remedial treatments for asthma including the use of

conventional medications, there are also non-conventional, natural treatment methods for the condition.

The following are some natural home remedies that can be employed in bringing quick relief

to asthma patients in the case of an asthma attack.

Eucalyptus oil.

This is an essential oil gotten from the leaves of the eucalyptus plant.

Eucalyptus oil can be used to effectively allay the breathing difficulty associated

with asthma attacks.

To do this, you will need to dribble some drops of the oil into boiling water and inhale

the aroma.

Doing this will make breathing less difficult again.

Lavender oil.

Lavender oil can also be used in reducing the symptoms of asthma.

The soothing effect of the oil helps to relax the airways while its anti-inflammatory properties

work to prevent inflammation.

This treatment method is similar as with eucalyptus oil.

add a few drops of lavender oil to a bowl of hot water and inhale for about 10 minutes.

You should do this at least once daily.

Eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids.

Foods such as salmon are good sources of healthy omega-3 fatty acids.

These acids have been positively linked with several diseases, including asthma.

So eating more foods containing these fats can help asthmatics in the long-run.

Ginger.

The medicinal benefits of ginger are so many that one begins to wonder whether there is

any condition that cannot be treated with the rhizome plant.

For the purpose of relieving asthma symptoms, a mixture of grated ginger with honey and

pomegranate should be consumed two or three times every day.

Garlic.

Like ginger like garlic.

This common kitchen ingredient has powerful medicinal properties that make it useful in

the treatment of many health conditions.

The anti-inflammatory effect of the herb comes into play in the treatment of asthma as it

can help in reducing the inflammation.

Figs.

Another amazing plant that can bring relief to asthmatics is the fig.

Dried fruits of the fig tree soaked in water and left over the night have potent effects

on the symptoms of asthma when eaten early the next day.

Use a humidifier.

A humidifier is any device that keeps the air in a room moist.

Wheezing, which is a common symptom of an asthma attack, can be more frequent in an

environment where the air is dry.

Keeping the air wet is a simple way of preventing and treating wheezing.

For even better results, adding some essential oil such as peppermint oil wouldn�t be a

bad idea.

Coffee.

The caffeine present in coffee is helpful in the treatment of asthma.

Drinking two or three cups of coffee during the day can help to clear nasal congestion,

thereby, making breathing less difficult.

Black tea.

Like coffee, caffeinated tea like black tea can also be beneficial in treating asthma.

Reports point to the fact that the caffeine in black tea helps to clear congested airways

as with theophylline � a conventional asthma medication.

The relief from this tea can last for up to four hours, making black tea a great emergency

remedy for an asthma attack.

Mustard oil.

Mustard oil is a common ingredient for soap-making.

Mixing this oil with camphor can be an effective treatment for asthma attacks.

Symptoms of asthma such as chest pain and wheezing can be reduced by massaging the chest

region with the mixture.

In addition, cold around the chest can also be rectified by warming the mustard oil before

mixing.

Turmeric.

Though research on the use of turmeric as an alternate treatment method for asthma is

limited, some reports suggest that the spice may be helpful in reducing some symptoms of

asthma like allergic reactions.

Steam bath.

Although there are no studies or clinical reports that assert the effectiveness of steam

baths in treating asthma, there are suggestions that they may have positive impact on the

symptoms of asthma.

Thus, this remedy should be taken with a �pinch of salt.�

Honey.

Honey has been linked with the treatment of respiratory conditions like cough, which is

also a symptom of asthma.

The sweet liquid can be mixed with other herbs like ginger to bring fast relief.

That said, there are no studies to confirm the use of honey as a natural treatment for

asthma, but there�s no harm in taking some spoonfuls of the natural sweetener.

Get rid of asthma triggers.

Exposure to allergens and air irritants can trigger an asthma attack within minutes.

Stressful physical activities can also exacerbate the condition.

Hence, it is important that such triggers and others should be avoided.

Raw onions.

Onion is a vegetable packed with so many antioxidants; unfortunately, many do not savor the vegetable

due to its acrid taste and smell.

Asthmatics can find relief to their condition using onions.

This is because onions possess anti-inflammatory properties that help to keep the swelling

at bay.

So adding some slices of raw onions atop your meal can help you.

Bishop�s weed (Khella).

Bishop�s weed, also known as �khella� in India, can be helpful in relieving the

symptoms of asthma in the case of an emergency.

This herb has anti-allergic and antispasmodic properties that help in preventing allergic

reactions and in dilating constricted airways respectively.

To use this herb, drip about 5 drops of its tincture in a cup of water and drink.

This should be done three times every day and also before bedtime.

Note, however, that the use of khella for asthma treatment is only recommended for preventative

purposes and not as a remedy.

Eat foods rich in carotenoids.

Carotenoids are antioxidants found in plants.

These chemical compounds can be found in foods and fruits such as carrots and tomatoes, as

they are responsible for their characteristic colors.

Beyond this, carotenoids are also important ingredients for the production of vitamin

A in the body.

Severe cases of asthma have been linked with a deficiency in vitamin A. So increasing your

intake of carotenoid-rich foods can help to reduce the risk of asthma attacks.

De-stress.

Although the direct relationship between stress and asthma attacks has not been established,

stress, however, plays a role in increasing the risk of such attacks.

Using natural stress relievers such as massage, yoga poses, and even chiropractic treatment

can help in controlling asthma.

Himalayan salt inhaler.

This is a natural treatment for asthma that involves the use of inhalers to absorb minute

salt particles which coat the tissues of the bronchioles, thus, reducing inflammation and

mucus production.

This type of inhaler is considered safe for everyone including children and should be

carried around for an emergency asthma attack.

Astralagus.

This herbal plant can be used for managing asthma attacks.

The herb works by strengthening the lungs and protecting the body from respiratory infections

which may otherwise trigger an asthma attack.

Cordyceps.

Like astralagus, cordyceps are also useful in managing asthma as they help in reducing

the production of mucus and in strengthening the lungs.

Lobelia.

Regarded as one of the most effective herbs for respiratory problems including asthma,

lobelia helps asthmatics by preventing spasms and in promoting the discharge of mucus from

the respiratory tract.

For More Research Based Home Remedies And Natural Health Tips, Subscribe To The Channel.

Follow Us On Facebook @naturalherbcures and Twitter @ naturalherbcure.

For more infomation >> Natural Herbs & Essential Oils For Asthma Treatment & Prevention Remedies - Duration: 8:02.

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Vaccines for the treatment of CMV in stem cell transplant recipients - Duration: 1:06.

There was a CMV vaccine: the plasmid DNA vaccine, that was studied in a phase III

trial. Unfortunately, this trial did not meet

the primary endpoint. The primary endpoint was 1 year overall survival and

CMV disease so this plasmid DNA vaccine, developed by Astellas, did not meet that

primary endpoint compared to placebo. We only know the top line results so we yet

have to understand the significance of these findings and how to move forward.

There are a number of other vaccines that are in development. Probably the

most advanced is the City of Hope vaccine which is a vaccine geared

towards people with a specific HLA allele and also furthermore there are

other vaccines that are based on some viral vectors.