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The beauty about science is that it's always changing. The thing that changes is

technology - how do you do things. And sometimes the technology doesn't exist

to be able to do what you want to do and then you develop the technology. If you

can't do something figure out how to do it!

That required me to have a hypodermic

that was very very small and a microscope to be able to see the cells,

and then to be able to put the needle into the nucleus, and then to deliver the

DNA into the nucleus. And next to me was Larry Okun, a colleague, and he was

using an instrument to actually record electrical currents in a cell. I looked

at his apparatus and it looked pretty much like a hypodermic needle to me. And

so instead of having a needle to record electricity then I would have a needle

that then would be able to contain DNA, and I could put some pressure into this

needle and then use as a hypodermic to put into the nucleus of a cell.

The tip of the needle is so small that I can't see it under this microscope. The

needle is about a hundredth as big as a hair maybe one-thousandth, somewhere in that

range, so it's a very small needle and you have to be very careful with it

because if you touch it on something it explodes. So you can't just

bzoom! And the microscope is what we call an inverted microscope. It's

actually looking at the image from bottom up. And the reason for that

is that we want to be able to play up at above but see from below. So it was

the first time that somebody had actually taken DNA, put it into a cell

into the nucleus, and then shown that it functions.

You know, this allows us to put anything you want into a cell. Proteins, you know,

you name it! And so then that's lit up a a light bulb, bam! If I could do that,

for example, in a mouse embryo, whoo! I could change any gene I want!

Well I think the machine was the right tool simply because it works. You

know, for a while I carried this thing around in a suitcase. I'd

give a lecture and then afterwards I'd pull it out like the Fuller Brush man and

show my ware and then show them how to do it. And that was important because

if I develop a technology and I'm the only person that can utilize it, it's

worthless. You're seeing cells you but can move them around and here's your

needle, boom boom boom, and they and you're doing one one after another. I got pretty

good at this machine I could do about a thousand per hour, worked 10 hours, so I

could do about 10,000 a day. And so I had Patsy Cline turned up high-volume, I've

take a lot of coffee, I'm a coffee addict, so then I'm really hypered up and then I

can really go. It's just like a video game. This is an antique,

but it's a cute antique.

For more infomation >> Mario Capecchi - Simple Equipment, Monumental Experiments - Duration: 3:17.

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5 Minute Toned BUTT workout For Mature Women Over 50 | At Home Workout No equipment! Fabulous50s - Duration: 7:06.

today we're going to do a 5-minute toned butt workout it's challenging but very

very doable and you can do this routine at home or in the office hi I'm Schellea

and welcome to Fabulous 50's if you're new to the channel click subscribe and

click the bell and you'll be alerted every time there's a new video and

they'll all relate to you we don't need to be athletes now we're over 50 but if

you want to stay strong and fit and healthy we do need to do some form of

physical exercise every single day so let's start working out we're going to

start with a stretch this is a really great one to get you started for this

workout so keep your legs straight and your back straight and lower yourself

down holding your bellybutton in towards your rooms interlock your hands and pull

your shoulders back so this is going to be a great stretch for your shoulders

your abs and your glutes and it's going to get us ready for this workout keep

your abs activated and your head up high our first exercise is lunges so hold

your body straight and bend your knees so they're both at 90 degree angle if

this is a little bit difficult for you don't worry just follow the workout in

the right hand corner take it at your own pace and do whatever you can push

into the heel of your front foot as you're coming up and if you've got sore

knees just do gentle pulses or put your legs together just slightly and bend

your knees whatever stage you're up to is absolutely perfect

change legs we've got another 30 seconds on this leg so the leg at the back is

working your quads and the leg out front is working your glutes and your

hamstrings so be mindful not to let your knees

roll inwards when you're doing lunges make sure to squeeze your glutes as

you're coming up because this is the best way you're going to get results

now we're going to do squats so this is what you do pretend you're sitting in a

chair with your back straight go down as far as you can and if you're finding

this challenging grab the back of a chair and go as far as you can this

isn't a competition do whatever feels comfortable and you'll know when to stop

you're amazing at whatever level you're up to pretend you sitting on a chair

keep your back straight and move your hips back and then your knees doing

squats helps us strengthen the lower body so we can be strong and pain-free

as we get older this is one to master because it gives us such great benefits

breathe just a couple of seconds

next exercise is the donkey kicks so get down on the knees

neutral spine flat back and hold in your core keep your arms straight and kick

I'm happy to be your exercise buddy so you don't have to do this thing alone

just set aside a little time every day be disciplined and just do it keep your

leg activated and be really mindful of those muscles squeeze your glutes keep

your back straight we're going to do 30 seconds on each leg when your friends or

kids asks you what you did today you tell them you've been working out and

you did great squeeze your gluts this exercise will give much faster results

if you squeeze just try doing this next one without squeezing and without

activating your core and you can feel the difference

well done ok we're going to go into the bridge now

lie on your back knees bent and feet hip width apart and your hands are almost

touching your heels slowly raise your hips up off the floor pull in your abs

and squeeze your glutes slowly let the hips drop down the bridge helps us

loosen up our back and our pelvis and it's one of the best firming exercises

to tighten our glutes so stick with it keep doing it this is doing great

persevere you've only got a few seconds left

fantastic pull your knees in right upper to your chest and give yourself a very

big hug you deserve it you're amazing that was a challenging

but workout and you're almost finished we've just got to do a counter pose so

get into the Child's Pose and stretch take your right hand and put it over

your left and you'll get a beautiful deep stretch on your right side

now take your left hand and stretch on the other side feel that stretch you've

just done something amazing to release your happy hormones get your blood

flowing and tone your glutes well done that was so great please give a thumbs

up if you enjoyed this workout and share it to a playlist so you can watch it

later thank you I loved working out with you today have a beautiful week