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5 ways to get rid of Hemorrhoids Fast | Treatment of Hemorrhoids at home - Duration: 2:41.

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Poliomyelitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology - Duration: 10:14.

In poliomyelitis, also called polio, "polio" refers to the poliovirus, which is an enterovirus

that invades the intestines, "myel" refers to the spinal cord which is affected in the

disease, and -itis refers to inflammation.

So poliomyelitis is an enteroviral disease first enters the body through the intestines,

but then spreads and causes nerve injury in the spinal cord.

Former US president Franklin D. Roosevelt contracted polio when he was a baby, and it

left him wheelchair-bound.

Broadly speaking, the nervous system consists of two parts.

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

So the peripheral nervous system includes the nerves that fan out from the central nervous

system to reach the skin, muscles, and organs.

Now looking at the cross-section of the brain, there's gray matter at the periphery of

the brain.

This is called the cerebral cortex and it consists of nerve cell bodies.

Just inside the gray matter of the brain, is the white matter, and it consists of nerve

axons.

In contrast, if you look at the cross-section of the spinal cord, the white matter is on

the outside and the gray matter is on the inside, and overall it kinda looks like a

butterfly.

If we draw a horizontal line through the spinal cord, the front half is the anterior or ventral

half, and the back half is the posterior or dorsal half.

And the butterfly wings are sometimes referred to as horns; so we have two dorsal horns that

contain cell bodies for sensory neurons and two ventral horns that contain cell bodies

for motor neurons.

So for example, if you step on a lego in your living room, the sensation of discomfort is

carried from the nerves in your foot, through the peripheral nervous system to reach the

dorsal horn in the spinal cord.

It then travels up the spinal cord to the brain, letting you know that there's tissue

damage.

In response, your brain sends a message through the upper motor neurons, which are part of

the cerebral cortex, and down the spinal cord to a lower motor neuron which is located in

the anterior horn of the spinal cord.

From there, the signal finally gets delivered to the leg muscles and allows you to lift

your foot.

In addition to sending signals from the brain, these lower motor neurons also release trophic

or growth factors that promote muscle growth in the muscle that they innervate.

Polio is a viral infection caused by poliovirus which is a single-stranded RNA virus that's

protected by a capsid, which is a protein coat.

Polio mainly affects children under the age of 5 and it's spread by fecal-oral transmission,

which means that the virus usually enters the body through contaminated food and water

that goes in the mouth.

It's also transmitted when an infected person sneezes or coughs, which spreads thousands

of virus-containing droplets into the local area.

Once the virus enters the body, it binds to mucosal cells of the oropharynx and small

intestine, and gets inside those cells, and then releases its RNA.

The viral RNA uses the cell's RNA polymerase enzyme to make copies of itself, and then

the new RNA copies hijack the ribosomes that normally make proteins for the cell, and forces

the ribosomes to make viral proteins instead.

The viral protein and RNA self-assemble into lots of new polioviruses, and within days,

they cause the mucosal cell to lyse, releasing the newly formed viruses which make their

way to nearby lymph nodes and eventually into the bloodstream.

Poliovirus prefers to infect motor nerves, so oftentimes it will leave a blood vessel

and get into the interstitial tissue of muscle tissue.

From there, poliovirus invades the motor neuron and travels retrograde - meaning backwards

up through the axon - to the anterior horn of the spinal cord.

Infected motor neurons attract immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages which cause

inflammation and damage to the spinal cord.

As infected motor neurons die, the muscles of the trunk and limbs no longer receive signals

from the brain or trophic factors which causes the muscles to start to atrophy and become

weak.

On rare occasions, poliovirus can cause bulbar polio, which is when it affects a part of

the brain stem that has motor nerves involved in speaking and swallowing.

This part of the brain stem also sends motor nerves to the diaphragm and so if they get

damaged, it can impair breathing.

Some people develop post-polio syndrome many decades after the initial infection.

To understand this, it's important to know that when polio damages some motor neurons,

other nearby healthy motor neurons form collateral branches to innervate the muscles that have

lost their innervation.

Now, over time, the natural process of aging causes motor neurons to die.

So when a motor neuron dies from the aging process, a person doesn't just lose function

in the muscle cells that were normally innervated, but also in the other muscle cells that were

innervated by collateral branches of that motor neuron.

Most individuals infected by poliovirus have no symptoms, in fact, polio only causes paralytic

disease about 1% of the time.

Symptoms of paralytic disease from polio include high fevers, intense muscle pain from spasms

and weakness, loss of muscle reflexes, and eventually paralysis.

Usually the paralysis develops over a few days and is asymmetric; most often affecting

larger proximal muscles especially in the legs - like the thighs.

Infants with poliomyelitis often develop acute flaccid paralysis where they go limp, kinda

like a rag doll - it's sometimes called floppy baby syndrome.

Ultimately, if the motor nerves to the diaphragm are affected, it can cause difficulty breathing

and death.

Diagnosis of polio is based on the recovery of poliovirus from a stool sample or a throat

swab.

Poliomyelitis can also be diagnosed by a lumbar puncture where cerebrospinal fluid is removed

from the lumbar sac with a needle.

The cerebrospinal fluid might have an increased number of white blood cells or poliovirus

RNA.

There's no specific treatment for polio, but the key is to support individuals as they

deal with the acute infection.

Typically that means pain medication to help with muscle spasms and decompression of the

bladder.

Finally, individuals might need respiratory support if they have trouble breathing, something

that historically required a device called the iron lung.

Fortunately, it's possible to prevent infection with a vaccine, and humans are the only natural

host for the virus.

There's inactivated poliovirus vaccine or IPV, which is where dead or inactive virus

is injected into the muscle and there's oral poliovirus vaccine or OPV, which is a

weakened strain of the live virus.

Very rarely, about one time in a million doses of vaccine, the weakened virus in OPV mutates

within the intestines of the person getting vaccinated, and it reverts to a form of the

poliovirus that can cause paralytic polio--called vaccine-associated paralytic polio or VAPP

for short.

VAPP usually affects close contacts like someone that lives in the same home.

But sometimes the weakened virus reverts to a form that can cause vaccine-derived poliovirus

or VDPV, which not only affects close contacts, but can cause outbreaks of poliomyelitis in

communities that have low rates of vaccine coverage.

VAPP and VDPV are both worrisome, but the events are relatively rare and mostly affect

unvaccinated individuals, so the benefits of polio vaccine outweigh the risks, and polio

vaccine is recommended.

In fact, because of IPV and OPV, poliovirus is nearly eliminated worldwide.

It only circulates endemically in a few areas within countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan,

and Nigeria - where there's poor public health and limited vaccine coverage.

Alright, as a quick recap.

Poliomyelitis or polio, is a viral disease caused by the poliovirus.

It's transmitted by fecal-oral transmission or by aerosol droplets.

The virus replicates in the small intestine and oropharynx before it spreads to the central

nervous system and causes nerve injury.

Diagnosis is done by the recovery of the poliovirus from a stool or throat, or by analysis of

the cerebrospinal fluid.

Lastly, there is no cure for polio, but it can be prevented

by

polio vaccines.

For more infomation >> Poliomyelitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology - Duration: 10:14.

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Congress to assess the treatment of student-athletes - Duration: 2:28.

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5 Face Packs To Get Rid Of Acne | Pimple Treatment | Pimple Remover | How To Remove Pimple Marks - Duration: 1:58.

five face packs to get rid of acne here are some cool and promising ways to

fight acne scabs easily one egg white egg white is widely used to fight such

skin issues due to its awesome property of cleansing the skin from depth if you

are looking for a cool peel-off mask which can easily peel off the acne and

acne scabs and get you your flawless radiant skin back thus go for the egg

white mask and make your skin flaunt beautifully to clay mask apply some clay

mask on the acne and you will the soothing sensation also the acne scars

and scars will easily get battled with this amazing ingredient 3 aloe vera gel

aloe vera gel is quite a smooth and lavish ingredient which can battle

numerous skin issues this soothing gel will help in calming the bumps scars and

scabs easily apply some fresh aloe vera gel on the acne steps and get rid of

this issue soon for baking soda for fighting with acne quickly you can use

the amazing baking soda mixture and get awesome results mix some baking soda in

water and rinse the acne with this water you can cleanse your skin with this

water two to three times a day for best results 5 garlic garlic is an awesome

food which is filled with some uncountable healing properties acne and

the acne scabs are extremely painful and can make your skin look horrible if your

acne breaks out easily you can use garlic to fight this issue get some

garlic paste or grated garlic and apply this to your cane leave it for a few

minutes and rinse thank you for watching the video

please subscribe my channel for more videos

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Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS): Anatomy, Causes, Signs & Symptoms and Treatment - Vidpt - Duration: 9:23.

Welcome to VidPT (https://vidpt.com)

Today we are going to discuss IT band syndrome. That's right, iliotibial band syndrome.

Which is the most common cause of lateral knee pain in runners.

We will start with some basic anatomy

Discuss some common signs and symptoms associated the IT band syndrome and conclude with how to strengthen key areas of the body to combat it

Now, IT band syndrome is a very common overuse or wear and tear injury

It typically targets runners

cyclists

CrossFitters and other athletes that squat often

The IT band tends to get overworked as a result of muscle

imbalances or potential muscle deficiencies in the body

Consequently, you get pain on the outside part of the hip you can get myofascial

restrictions all along the outer part of the leg and you can experience sharp pain on the outside part of the knee where

The IT band rubs over the femoral epicondyle

The primary function of the IT band and its associated muscles to extend

abduct, and laterally rotate the hip.

Additionally, the IT band contributes to lateral knee stabilization by connecting the muscles of the hip

to the tibia of the lower leg

In terms of anatomy the IT band starts up at the hip

Up here you have what's called the iliac crest. Off of the iliac crest you have a short strap like muscle

It's called the TFL. The IT band runs off the TFL it gets a contribution

from the gluteus maximus

And then it runs down the length of the thigh, it runs down the iliotibial

tract or the IT band. Right, so just look at this stripe. It goes down the stripe all the way

Crosses over the knee joint, the outside part of the knee, across the lateral femoral epicondyle and then inserts itself down below

Onto the anterior side of the tibia

So another way to think of the IT band. It's a continuation of the tendinous portion

The TFL (tensor fascia latae) and there is a contribution, a small contribution from the gluteus maximus.

Alright, so we're about to go in the weeds, and I promise there is a key takeaway.

So this iliotibial tract right runs down the length of the thigh is

Classified as deep fascia

There are all different types of fascia in the body

In general, fascia is terribly important and is incredibly fascinating

since it surrounds and connects muscles of the body to other tissues.

This fascia is comprised or classified as deep fascia.

It's composed of very strong connective tissue. This tissue is primarily composed of collagen and

fibroblast cells

There are a few elastin fibers in there

But it's very strong and as many of you know

Collagen is one of the strongest proteins you can find in nature, and it is one of the strongest structures in the human body

Consequently, the IT band is strong, it's tough, and it's relatively inelastic

So what does this mean?

Well, it impacts your stretching routine. Many physical therapists and trainers promote stretching the IT band.

In practice it's incredibly difficult to do so just based on the sheer composition of the IT band

Consequently, I found it's much more effective to stretch the surrounding areas. You stretch your glutes

It's good to get in your glutes, you get into the hips, you stretch your hamstrings

You can stretch the outer part of your thigh, you can stretch your calves.

Additionally, you can get into your hip flexors and psoas.

For you stretching masochists out there. There are some of you that absolutely love the foam roller. Here's a substitute this

This is a tennis ball. You can go to town where the tennis ball right you lie on your back

You can get into your gluteus maximus. You can get into the medius

It's really hard to get into the gluteus minimus since it goes under the other structures, but you can get into your glutes

You can get in your hips, you can get into the TfL

Right you can really start to loosen a lot of the lateral gluteal muscles

If you want to get into the hip flexors and psoas

I recommend a larger, softer ball

Okay, this doesn't have a lot of give so use a larger softer ball when you're lying on your front

But the tennis ball is terrific

you can get in a lot of places and get some of the strain and tension out of there

and help the IT band move more freely and to have less pain. For you runners out there

It's really important to stretch your calves as well, so I mentioned stretching your calves

But there's two main muscles right you have the gastrocnemius

And you have the soleus

You need to stretch both. If you're already having pain on the outside part of the knee

And you have tight calves it can lead to greater pronation when you run. It changes the way your foot strikes the ground

Right, the way you're putting energy into the ground, the way

It's coming back and it can increase knee flexion

So if you have greater knee flexion you're going to exacerbate the pain on the outside part of your knee.

So what are some common signs and symptoms associated with IT band syndrome? Most people get pain on the outside part of the knee

Typically it starts as kind of a needle prick. I've had it several times

It's where you get needle pricks and outside part of the knee

You continue to heal strike, you go up and down stairs, you carry heavy things

Then it moves up the leg and you get myofascial restrictions

And then it goes into the hip. So when it's onset it's really typically the knee and the hip

So how do we fix it? Right, that's why you're here today. How do we fix IT band syndrome?

Research studies out of Stanford University have shown the IT band syndrome is

Correlated or attributable to weakness in the hips and glutes

Your glutes are comprised of three key muscles.

You have the gluteus maximus, which everyone loves to talk about, you have the medius and minimus

the medius and minimus are primarily responsible for balance and when you run or cycle you need to have good balance and

proper body mechanics. If

you're weak in the hips and glutes

your body will compensate. Your body is amazing at compensating. So if you're weak in the gluteus medius and minimus

Your IT band is gonna pick up the slack.

Additionally, you get tight in the hip flexors and likely your psoas. Now, some people talk about a pelvic tilt

Can you get a pelvic tilt? Yes.

But just because your medius and minimus are weak doesn't mean your pelvis has to tilt

So the goal: if strengthen the gluteus medius and minimus

Right, you strengthen those areas and stretch, you can take some pain and strain off of the IT band

The following routine that I've put together focuses on strengthening the lateral gluteal muscles

These are comprised of the TFL,

the gluteus medius and the gluteus minimus.

Additionally, I've provided stretches. I have provided stretches that

You don't see all the time. And with those stretches at the back of each routine

I give you options. So if that stretch doesn't work for you pick another there are tons of great stretches out there

And you'll also notice that the exercises that provide

There's pretty much basic

To medium to advanced and you need to pick the ones that work for you. Your body will gravitate to ones that work

And you'll start to move forward. Now, if you're in a great deal of pain

Then it's really important that you stop running or cycling

Continuing to pound the pavement or bang on the pedals can make the injury more pronounced and lengthen the duration of your rehabilitation

So what are other activities that you can do? Get in the pool. Swimming is great

However, when swimming be mindful of your flip turns. Don't do really deep walls

You don't necessarily have to fire off the wall

So swimming is great. If it puts strain on the legs then can you can also use a pull buoy to mitigate some of the

strain.

I know we've covered a lot of ground today, right. We've discussed what is IT band syndrome.

What are signs of symptoms, and how do we strengthen key areas of body to combat it.

Thank you very much for your time. I've enjoyed the discussion, and I look forward to working with you across the routine that I've put together