- What's up?
- NARRATOR: It is early summer, and these University of Texas
students are preparing for a trip.
- Is it open? - I think so.
- ANDRE: We've got 12 students, and our professor.
- NARRATOR: The group is heading from Austin
to the coast...
- We're heading down to Galveston Island State Park.
- NARRATOR: ...But not for a break on the beach.
- ANDRE: Today we're packing up for the first site visit.
- NARRATOR: These advanced architecture students
are heading to Galveston to design and build.
- Toodle-oo!
- Bye!
- NARRATOR: All anyone can say for sure is that,
by the end of this summer, a lot will be learned.
- COLEMAN: This is a project we have to do
in a very short time.
Ten weeks from the first day to the last day.
It will be an interesting summer for these students.
- NARRATOR: If they are successful, the end result
will be a finished structure that the state park needs.
[upbeat music]
[waves crashing]
- Welcome to Galveston Island State Park.
Super excited that you're here.
I'm a Park Interpreter.
Essentially, I try to connect people with the
natural resources that we have.
We are almost an island within an island,
surrounded on all sides by development.
- NARRATOR: Since Hurricane Ike in 2008,
this park has operated with limited infrastructure,
until a re-development plan can be funded.
- As we get out here, you might notice some algae on the ground,
you see the little bubbles?
- NARRATOR: One pressing need is a pavilion for
educational programs...
- So, it's a nursery habitat for all the fish that we like.
- NARRATOR: ...a structure to provide some of the only shade
on the park's bay side.
- We have a lot of school groups that come out here.
I have a lot of hurdles to get over in order to make them
start to care about this place.
To get them to some of those higher thoughts
and higher concepts, you have to meet their basic needs.
- COLEMAN: The students are concentrating on working
closely with their stakeholder, the park rangers.
- This is the proposed site, with an emphasis of
orientation towards the water here.
- COLEMAN: They're going to try to get an idea of what
it is that they want, and through that they'll begin
a design process.
- PATRICK SCHOONOVER: Hit that corner, Joey?
- COLEMAN: They'll be camping very close to where
they're going to build.
It gets them immersed in the climate they're going to be
working within.
[waves rolling]
The mission of the DesignLab
is to try to increase ecological literacy,
particularly of the coastal environment.
[dramatic music]
- REBECCA KENNEDY: How many renders are there going to be?
Four?
- ANDRE: Yeah. - Okay.
- HUGO: That's much better.
It's been like Santa's little workshop in here.
[playful music]
- COLEMAN: What are you working on?
- A lot of cardboard, a lot of Elmer's glue.
We spend a lot of time at Hobby Lobby.
Sweet.
We're getting a Master's in Architecture
but we're getting a Ph.D. in craft supplies.
- We had a pretty long design process.
Obviously, designing something with a group of 11 people,
it's hard to come to a consensus about things.
- We floundered for about a week there to try to really
find something we could all get behind, um,
but that's great, because that's how real-world practice is
and it also ensures that we have a really good, strong idea.
Given that it's a shade pavilion, we can test if it
really does provide shade.
I can hit 'apply' and then we can see that at 10 AM,
we're getting dappled light through the structure.
[playful music]
- COLEMAN: These early models are design studies that they
were doing individually.
They're all meaningful in that they lead to something.
That one design that they're actually now going to present.
- It was a little bit Frankenstein-y
for a little while, but we've got something good here.
I think it's, uh, definitely come together
as a collective idea.
- You know, everything that we're doing now,
we're trying to minimize long-term maintenance.
Things really get beaten up.
- COLEMAN: We have milestones that we have to hit.
And the big milestone of the first half of the semester
was getting the design and presenting that to the
folks at the park.
- That's the shoreline we're counting.
- I like your orientation.
I think it's very good.
So, your prevailing breeze is coming from the water.
- The next milestone then is develop drawings
and to get the technical folks with the Parks Division
to approve that.
- When you walk around the corner and it all kind of
opens up in front of you.
I just think that's a great idea.
- COLEMAN: We will have about two and a half to three weeks
to actually put this thing together,
so it's very fast-track.
- HUGO: Fabricating components.
[buzzing]
- We've been getting a lot of welding practice
and sweating a lot.
[laughs]
[saw revs]
- There's a team working solely on wood,
a team working on mostly steel,
so that allows us to work really quickly.
- Theoretically, we're supposed to start this uh, this Friday,
making shade.
- ANDRE: We had a few setbacks.
We had our professor take a little spill earlier,
but he's getting sutured up,
so I think he'll be good in a couple of days.
- REBECCA: I just hope he's alright.
- Cut going this way.
We're figuring out how to load a lot of wood
without a leader right now.
We've probably got three or four tons of wood.
Not a cool day.
I don't know what it is, 100?
103? Ugh.
- You got it?
- REBECCA: Phew.
Ay yay yay.
Well, alright.
We're kind of in limbo of like when we're actually
going to have the clearance to begin building.
- BROOK: One, two, three.
[sighs]
- ANDRE: We just have to go and check all the boxes,
make sure everything is good to go.
[door rolling shut]
[wind]
- HUGO: Found a way to get through all the
procedural hurdles, and we're moving forward.
- COLEMAN: You know, it was right down to the wire.
On the day we started construction is the day
we got our approval.
So, all's well that ends well is what I say.
- HUGO: We lost a day on the front end, but for the
most part we are on track.
[upbeat music]
A lot of dirt has been dug.
- SEAN: Getting there.
- HUGO: It was extremely hot the first couple of days,
I think it was record highs,
but the human body is pretty resilient.
- Woo!
- HUGO: We've been doing great.
Great attitudes all around.
- In that direction, yeah.
What's your suggestion?
- HUGO: Our fearless leader is back on site.
We couldn't be happier to have him.
- I had a few stitches in my face which set me back
a few days, but the truth is, this is such a good group,
they're totally independent.
[dramatic music]
- HUGO: You have to, essentially, in space,
make a perfect square, and determine perfect placements,
which is surprisingly challenging to get it right.
You know, especially if you don't do it every day.
Measure 20 times, build once, is kind of what we're going for.
- REBECCA: I think we all were really excited today
when all the rocks went into the wall.
We were all like, "Wow, it actually does
what we want it to do," which is pretty exciting.
- HUGO: That's why the studio is so fantastic,
because it bridges that gap between paper and real life.
Are we doing okay?
- I think you're doing great.
- Alright!
- SEAN: Not to jinx anything, but it's been going really well.
- What's your time on those, I'm just curious?
One?
Okay.
- We've had some sequencing things where we've
had to kind of stop and pause and make sure
we're not stepping on our own toes as we go,
but I would say it's been surprisingly smooth.
- This is our second to last cut.
[saw revs]
We've been getting a lot done despite the odds,
and, knock on wood, nothing else comes up.
[thunder clap]
- SEAN: The weather has been our biggest hang up I think.
- HUGO: Here comes the rain.
Let's uh, let's get some stuff put away.
[rainfall and thunder]
- COLEMAN: Working in August, it's both a gift and a curse.
We've probably lost a few hours to summer rains,
but you build that into the schedule,
knowing that's going to happen this time of year.
[thunder]
We have had nothing but a great relationship with
Texas Parks and Wildlife, and this is our fifth project.
We've done three projects at Goose Island State Park,
down in the Rockport area.
The fire circle for the youth nature interpreter there.
A birding platform, where the nature interpreter, again,
uses that for her bay walks.
We've done a project at Sea Rim which is up at Port Arthur.
It's a camping platform that's out in the wetlands
that the only way you get to it is kayaking.
People can rent for the weekend.
It's also used by biologists, bird counters, to keep tabs
on the health of that particular wetland.
So all of these projects have something to do with the
ocean environment, bay environment,
where the public comes and learns something
about the local ecology.
[rocks banging]
- ANDRE: Here we are, it's like 95, 100% humidity
and we got the chain gang out here with rocks.
- They're just masochists.
They just wanted to do it.
[energetic music]
- I'd rather be moving rocks than lifting louvers.
- ANDRE: Yeah, those are probably 80 to 100 pounds,
depending on how soaking wet they are.
- HUGO: Oh yeah.
Oh yeah!
[grunts]
It's almost there.
It's been a very laborious undertaking,
but we are on the tail end now.
Just the finishing touches- the fun part really.
[rocks clanging]
[water pouring]
[drinking]
- And repeat.
[energetic music]
- It's tough to work in these conditions for
12 hours a day.
When you can see the finish line, it's a lot easier.
- HUGO: We're going to finish, guys.
I can't even describe the level of happiness
that makes me feel.
- When they put up the first six louvers,
we were like, "Oh my God!
"We're standing on the deck and it's shaded!
We did this!"
- HUGO: One, two, three.
Teamwork makes the dream work.
Alright, let's drill it.
[energetic music]
- JOEY: We had some rough days in the beginning.
- We really were questioning whether we would even
be here right now.
- It was pretty tough.
I'm really happy about the result though.
- Because we're kind of wrapping it up,
we're finally seeing what we've made come to life.
I wish we could see the first group that's
going to experience it.
- HUGO: I'm pretty happy.
I'll come back sometime,
but I'll be happy to drive over the bridge,
headed back to Austin.
- I will not feel guilty if I lay in bed all day tomorrow.
[drill hammers]
- Last one!
Amazing experience.
- Nice work.
[laughs]
[broom scraping]
- SEAN: We're excited to be wrapping up today, for sure.
[uplifting music]
- ANDRE How about this group shot?
- SEAN: I hope they're as satisfied with it as we are.
- Y'all ready?
- SEAN: For us, it's a win at least.
- One, two, three.
[shutter]
[laughs]
- Digging the shade.
Above and beyond.
I love this crew.
This is amazing!
So, lessons learned?
- COLEMAN: Do this in November.
[laughs]
- This place I think is going to be highly used,
and, of course, I think the shade is going to be
really appreciated in the future.
Please consider this a personal invitation
to come back and see how this place lives.
- There isn't like a ribbon cutting ceremony or anything.
- LISA: High five.
Yes.
Good game, good game.
- SEAN: There will be some mild celebration
and then some careful driving home,
because I think we'll all be very tired.
- LISA: Good game, yeah, America.
[uplifting music]
[wind and uplifting music]
[uplifting music]
Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune skin disease that causes the skin to form bullae or blisters.
Now, the skin is divided into three layers--the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.
The epidermis forms the thin outermost layer of skin.
Underneath, is the thicker dermis layer, and finally, there's the hypodermis that anchors
the skin to the underlying muscle.
The epidermis itself is made of multiple layers of developing keratinocytes - which are flat
pancake-shaped cells that are named for the keratin protein that they're filled with.
Keratinocytes start their life at the lowest layer of the epidermis called the stratum
basale, or basal layer which is made of a single layer of stem cells, called basal cells
that continually divide and produce new keratinocytes.
The stratum basale also contains another group of cells called melanocytes, which secrete
melanin.
Melanin is a pigment protein, or coloring substance.
Below the epidermis is the basement membrane which is a thin layer of delicate tissue containing
collagen, laminins, and other proteins.
Basal cells are attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes, a protein complex that
stems from the bottom of the basal cells.
Just like an anchor digs into the seafloor and holds a boat in place, hemidesmosomes
dig into the basement membrane and hold basal cells in place.
The exact cause of bullous pemphigoid is unclear, but it's thought that in a person with a
genetic precondition, it can be triggered by medications like furosemide, captopril,
penicillamine, non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (or NSAIDs), and antibiotics.
Bullous pemphigoid is a type II hypersensitivity reaction, which is when the immune system
produces antibodies that bind to the body's own cells.
Immune cells called B cells produce IgG antibodies, which are Y shaped molecules with 2 regions,
an antigen binding fragment region - or Fab region, and fragment crystallizable region
or Fc region.
The Fab region of the antibody binds to pathogens which helps other immune cells destroy those
pathogens.
The antibodies can also activate a part of the immune system called the complement system,
which destroys the pathogen, or induces inflammation.
In bullous pemphigoid, the Fab region of IgG antibodies bind to proteins that make up the
hemidesmosome: one of the proteins is called bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 or BPAG1, which
is also called dystonin, and another protein is called bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 or
BPAG2, which is also called BP 180 or type 17 collagen - lots of names for the same thing.
The Fc region activates the complement system.
The process gets started when C1, the first of the complement proteins, binds the Fc region
of the antibody.
C1 then engages other members of the complement family - C2 through C9, some of which are
activated by being cleaved or chopped by an enzyme.
The cleaved fragments C3a, C4a, and C5a act as chemotactic factors, meaning they attract
certain cells, in this case the mast cells.
The mast cells degranulate and release molecules like tumor necrosis factor alpha, leukotrienes,
and cytokines.
These molecules attract inflammatory cells like neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages,
and T cells.
These inflammatory cells then secrete proteolytic enzymes, which destroy the proteins of hemidesmosomes
- BPAG1 and BPAG2.
Now, If an anchor breaks it can no longer hold the boat in place and it floats away.
So, when the hemidesmosomes are destroyed the basal cells separate from the basement
membrane, and a split forms between the dermis and epidermis, resulting in what's called
a subepidermal bullae.
These subepidermal bullae are distinct from the epidermal bullae which form in the disease
pemphigus vulgaris.
In fact, in pemphigus vulgaris the bullae form as a results from breaking connections
between cells within the epidermis.
Now in bullous pemphigoid, the inflammation also affects the melanocytes, which produce
more melanin that gets stuck within the cells of the dermis.
Bullous pemphigoid is most commonly located on the lower abdomen, flexor side of the forearms,
and anterior or inner thighs, but can also involve other areas as well.
Unlike pemphigus vulgaris, it doesn't typically involve the oral mucosa.
Early on, there's a red and itchy rash, and over time it develops into large bullae
or blisters.
The blisters typically evolve over a few days, and leave behind crusted lesions that heal
without scarring.
A classic way to help distinguish bullous pemphigoid from other skin diseases like pemphigus
vulgaris is the Nikolsky's sign - which is when lateral pressure is applied to the
lesion, and it causes a split to form between the upper and lower layers of the epidermis.
In bullous pemphigoid the skin doesn't split.
Pemphigus vulgaris will have the Nikolsky's sign, but bullous pemphigoid will not.
In addition, a skin biopsy can be done to look for evidence of antibodies and complement
infiltration into the skin.
Finally, the blood can be checked for auto-antibodies against BPAG1 and BPAG2.
Bullous pemphigoid is most commonly treated by stopping any medications that could be
triggering it and by using corticosteroids.
All right, as a quick recap, bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune skin disease mediated by
type II hypersensitivity.
Autoantibodies form against BPAG1 and BPAG2, and they allow blisters to form between the
dermis and epidermis layers.
Large tense blisters on the lower abdomen, arms, and legs are the most common symptom.
There is no Nikolsky's sign, but there are circulating IgG antibodies, and it's usually
treated with corticosteroids.
Despite it being well past Christmas, I had a list of holiday cocktails I wanted to do,
and god damn it I'm still gonna do them all.
Today, we're making the casserole of cocktails--mulled wine, where you just dump in all the fruits
you didn't use during cooking.
A bit of an exaggeration, I know, but mulled wine is something delicious you can easily
make with spices you already have in the house.
I'm gonna grab myself an orange, a lemon, and a lime.
Start by peeling the lime, I just want the skin and not the juice cause otherwise this
is gonna be too sour (for me).
Struggle with it cause you suck, and that's when you switch to your trusty old zester.
Not sponsored by Microplane obviously but holy shit if you're getting a zester, get
a Microplane cause if you zest often, at the end of the day, you're gonna have to end
up buying one of these anyway.
Also gonna zest a lemon.
I know it's not the most beautiful lemon out there but it's so darn hard to find
good lemons in Taiwan.
All they got are limes for some reason.
Orange peel.
For this I'm gonna switch back to a knife cause the skin was too tender.
We'll also cut the orange into slices and squeeze out all its juice.
Spices!
In the same pot, that was one whole cinnamon stick.
4 cloves cause cloves are wonderful.
1 and a half star anise, you can definitely put more, but for some reason I always taste
the star anise more than I can taste other spices.
One bay leaf because let's face it, you're always gonna forget to use it when you're
cooking anyway.
And a few gratings of nutmeg.
80 grams of sugar which is a little more than a third of a cup if you're not using a scale.
Uncork your wine.
Now the inside of your pot probably looks something like this.
Pour in enough wine to at least cover the sugar.
Cook on low to medium heat until the sugar completely dissolves.
There's usually 2 methods I've seen with this, 1 is to cook this into a syrup.
The second method is to cook everything without bringing it to a boil, then let it sit in
the fridge overnight so it has time to infuse.
What we're trying to achieve is the same though, which is bring out as much flavor
as we can from the spices and citrus without compromising the wine too much.
I want to drink it right away, so I'm gonna let this cook for a while then pour in the
rest of the wine and let that heat through.
Taste to see if there's anything you need to adjust.
I'm gonna add a splash of brandy.
Now it's ready to serve.
Garnish with a cinnamon stick, and that's pretty much it.
Enjoy your homemade mulled wine.
Everyone and their mother has their own version of this drink, so whatever gets you happy
and drunk is good mulled wine in my book.
And since I only used one bottle of wine, that means this recipe serves...I don't
know, one?
Anyway, have a great 2019 guys.
I'm gonna go get drunk now, bye.
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