- Dr. Chopra, you spoke about and wrote in your books that coffee is one of the most
important protectors of health. Dr. Anton Titov MD
Could you please expand on your idea and talk about the coffee's effect on health?
That's a great question!
So, as you mentioned, I'm a liver expert and I got very intrigued about 25 years ago when
I read that coffee drinkers have low levels of liver enzymes in the blood.
So when we go see our primary care physician once a year, they do a battery of blood tests
and amongst them they test for two liver enzymes, ALT and AST, and this was an observation that
people who drank coffee had lower levels [of ALT and AST].
When somebody has elevated levels [of ALT / AST], it's almost always indicative of liver
disease.
So this is intriguing.
But what does it mean?
Maybe there's something in coffee that interferes with the assay, and so you get lower levels.
But then studies came out that coffee drinkers have less hepatic fibrosis, they have less
scar tissue in the liver.
If there's lots of scar tissue in the liver, they totally distort the liver architecture,
with islands of liver cells totally surrounded by scar tissue, fibrosis, we call it cirrhosis.
So coffee drinkers had low levels of liver enzymes, they had less fibrosis.
Then a study in [journal] Gastroenterology that people who drank two cups of regular
coffee a day had a 50% reduction in hospitalization and mortality from chronic liver disease.
It turns out that primary liver cancer, cancer rising in the liver, is now the third leading
cause of cancer mortality in the world.
And multiple studies and a meta-analysis have shown that people who drink two cups of regular
coffee have 40% reduction in primary liver cancer mortality.
So low liver enzymes, less scarring, less fibrosis, less hospitalization less mortality,
less liver cancer.
It turns out that coffee drinkers also have a lower risk of four other common cancers:
metastatic prostate cancer, colon cancer, skin cancer, including malignant melanoma
- very deadly skin cancer, and endometrial cancer.
So five cancers - people who drink coffee have a lower incidence.
Low risk of Parkinson's disease, low risk of cognitive decline and early dementia, lower
risk of Type 2 diabetes.
And for type 2 diabetes, one has to drink six cups of coffee, regular or decaf, and
then there's a 40 to 54% reduction in risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.
If somebody already has type 2 diabetes and they drink two cups of coffee a day, regular
or decaf, there is a 30% reduction in cardiovascular mortality.
So, pretty impressive!
There are mechanistic explanations: coffee drinkers have low levels of CRP, low levels
of TNF alpha...
- Coffee reduces inflammation?...
- Yes, that may be the mechanism how coffee decreases many conditions, the risk of developing
them or even cancer, which we now know is linked with inflammation.
- C-Reactive Proteinis a sensitive marker for inflammation.
- True, so true!
So a study appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine about four years ago, and that
day I got about a hundred plus emails from colleagues around the country.
- "Sanjeev, you've been talking about coffee all these years and its potential health benefits
- You're vindicated!"
And the study in the New England Journal of Medicine said, "Men and women who drink coffee
have lower total and cause-specific mortality."
And then about six or eight months ago, an article in one of the nutrition journals showed
that people who drink coffee have longer telomeres.
So telomeres were described by Elizabeth Blackburn, an Australian scientist.
She got the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 2009 with two other colleagues.
And shortened telomeres are linked with accelerated cellular aging.
So who has shortened telomeres?
Mothers of chronically disabled children, caregivers of people with Alzheimer's.
Who has longer telomeres?
And by inference they may live longer - we think they live longer - people who exercise,
people on the Mediterranean diet, people who meditate.
And then the recent study showed that people who drink coffee have longer telomeres.
Does it matter, which coffee to drink?
How much coffee one should drink?
What is the frequency [of coffee consumption for health benefits]?
It's great question!
The studies have simply asked, "Do you drink coffee?
Yes or no?"
If you drink coffee, how many cups do you drink?
And what is the size of the cup?
Do you drink regular or decaf?"
My take on it is: Drink regular coffee if you can.
It has more benefits than decaf.
And don't add cream or sugar substitutes.
I like to drink it black, make it simple.
So I don't have to worry about sugar and Splenda, and do I put milk?
And is milk cold? and it's going to make my coffee cold...
So I drink black coffee.
If somebody wants to sweeten it, add sugar.
Don't use artificial substitutes.
Artificial sugars are turning out to produce worse glucose intolerance, because it actually
changes the microbiome in the GI tract.
This is one of the hottest topics in medicine, [gut] microbiome.
Microbiome has been called "the second human genome, the inner bacterial rainforest."
There are trillions of bacteria in our GI tract.
In aggregate their weight is 3 pounds.
It's a newly discovered organ!
So if you want to have a Coca Cola, have a Coca Cola.
Maybe have one third, savor it, enjoy it, rather than have a Diet Coke, which has only
one calorie but actually has many injurious health effects.
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