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Maple syrup urine disease is a rare genetic metabolic disorder where the body cannot break

down branched chain amino acids like valine, leucine, and isoleucine completely, causing

buildup of these amino acids and their toxic metabolic byproducts.

It was named maple syrup urine disease since the urine that contain these metabolites smell

like maple syrup.

Other names for this disease include branched- chain ketoacid dehydrogenase deficiency, or

BCKD deficiency, and branched- chain ketoaciduria.

Now, amino acids are the basic building blocks that make up proteins.

There are 20 amino acids used in the human body and they all contain a carboxyl group

(-COOH) and an amine (-NH2) group.

The branched chain amino acids have a side chain containing 3 or more carbons, and they

include valine, leucine, and isoleucine.

These 3 are essential amino acids, meaning our bodies can't create them, so they must

be acquired through protein rich foods like meat, eggs, dairy, avocados, beans, etc.

So the proteins you eat are broken down into amino acids in the gastrointestinal tract

by gastric acid and digestive enzymes.

The amino acids are then absorbed by the small intestine into the bloodstream, which then

travel to the cells of the body, where they are used for protein synthesis.

Since the body can't store these amino acids, any extra amino acids are converted into glucose

or ketones and used for energy.

Branched chain amino acids: valine, leucine and isoleucine, require special steps during

their catabolism.

First, the enzyme branched-chain amino transferase, or BCAT, strip off their alpha amino group

and transfers it to an alpha ketoglutarate to form glutamate.

This also converts the branched- chain amino acids into branched- chain keto acids.

Valine into alpha-ketoisovalerate, or KIV, leucine is converted into alpha-ketoisocaproate,

or KIC, and isoleucine into alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate, or KMV.

In the second step, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, or BCKD, removes

the carboxyl group from these keto acids and turns them into the intermediates isobutyryl-CoA,

isovaleryl-CoA, and alpha-methylbutyryl-CoA respectively.

These intermediates will eventually be converted into acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA, which are

used by other metabolic processes like the kreb cycle, ketogenesis, or gluconeogenesis.

Maple syrup urine disease is an autosomal recessive disorder, where there's a mutation

in at least one of the four genes that codes for the BCKD complex.

The more common form of this disease is called the classical form, and it's where there's

little to no functional complexes.

The less severe form is called the intermediate form, where only 5-8% of the complexes are

functional, when compared to normal.

Decreased BCKD complex activity means that all the branched chain amino acids and their

first step metabolites such as alpha- ketoisovalerate, alpha- ketoisocaproate, and alpha- keto- beta-

methylvalerate build up in the blood and body tissues like the brain, muscle, and liver.

Now, there's a highly selective barrier between the brain tissue and blood vessels

called the blood- brain barrier.

This blood- brain barrier has amino acid transporters that allow a limited amount of amino acids

to cross from the blood into the brain.

Leucine binds with higher affinity to these transporters than other amino acids, so they

end up occupying most of the transporters.

This limits the amount of other amino acids that can enter the brain.

Some of these, like tyrosine, tryptophan, and threonine are used for the synthesis of

neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin.

Now let's zoom into the blood brain barrier.

Some of the metabolites of branch chain amino acids can also cross over from the blood into

the brain.

Once in the brain, they are converted back into leucine, isoleucine, and valine.

However, this conversion process uses up other amino acids like aspartate, glutamine, and

alanine.

These amino acids are important for brain function and development, especially glutamine,

as it is needed to synthesize inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and excitatory

neurotransmitter glutamate.

Lack of these two neurotransmitters impairs cell to cell communication.

Finally, high levels of alpha- ketoisocaproate inhibit the Krebs cycle, which takes place

in the mitochondria.

This process is necessary for the production of ATP, which is used by sodium- potassium

pumps to pump sodium out of the cell, and potassium in.

This causes a build up of sodium ions in the cell, which allows water to flow into the

cells via osmosis, leading to cellular swelling and cerebral edema.

So where does the maple syrup- smelling urine come from?

Well, isoleucine is spontaneously converted into alloisoleucine in the body.

Elevated concentration of plasma alloisoleucine is a sure sign of maple syrup urine disease.

Isoleucine and alloisoleucine can also be converted to sotolone, which is the molecule

that gives maple syrup and caramel their sweet smell.

This molecule is excreted in the urine with the other metabolic products, which is why

the urine has a distinct, sweet odor.

Now symptoms differ, based on the form of disease.

In classical maple syrup urine disease, the symptoms appear within 48 hours after birth.

These include ketonuria, with the sweet smelling urine, irritability, poor feeding, lethargy

or sleepiness, and muscle spasm, called opisthotonos that looks kind of like bicycling movements.

If untreated, in seven to ten days, cerebral edema, seizures, coma, and respiratory failure

can occur.

In the intermediate form, symptoms appear later in life at irregular intervals.

This could be triggered by metabolic stressors like heavy exercise, infections, or fasting,

where the body starts to break down its own proteins.

These symptoms include a maple syrup odor of the urine and also the earwax, feeding

problems, and delayed growth and development.

Diagnosis for maple syrup urine disease is based on the presence of clinical symptoms

and lab tests that show elevated valine, leucine, isoleucine, and alloisoleucine in the blood,

and increased alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate (KMV), and

alpha-ketoisovalerate (KIV) in urine.

The main treatment consists of strict diet that limits protein consumption.

In people with severe symptoms, hemodialysis is sometimes used to remove the excess amino

acids.

The only cure is a liver transplantation as the new hepatocytes will have normal levels

of BCKD complexes.

This procedure is rarely done, and the individual can still pass the mutation onto their children.

All right, as a quick recap, maple syrup urine disease is a rare recessive genetic metabolic

disorder where the body cannot break down branched chain amino acids like valine, leucine,

and isoleucine, completely due to a deficiency in branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase

complexes.

This causes the buildup of these amino acids and their metabolites, which can disrupt brain

development, neurotransmitter synthesis, cause cerebral edema, and give the urine a maple

syrup odor.

This disorder is diagnosed by elevated plasma levels of valine, leucine, isoleucine, and

alloisoleucine in serum, and alpha-ketoisocaproate, alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate, and alpha-ketoisovalerate

in the urine.

Treatment for maple syrup urine disease includes dietary restrictions, hemodialysis, and liver

transplant.

For more infomation >> Maple Syrup Urine Disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology - Duration: 9:43.

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Treatment Options for Scoliosis - Duration: 2:41.

> Let's take a graphic real quick of these non-operative treatment options which

it's always nice to have options in life right doctor,

the first one is periodic observation that.> So it's a good idea I'm generally

very conservative so if patients have no pain, I like to encourage them to get

back to the gym, get back to enjoying their life.> Okay over-the-counter pain

relievers like.> You know that's a big subject because narcotics are absolutely

contraindicated unless you know for sure that pain will stop taking narcotics

will result in addiction, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories are good way to go

but when it takes a year to feel better it's not reasonable because with

non-steroidal anti-inflammatories even though they're very common

there comes risks, abdominal issues, gastritis, with steroids which can be

applied with a needle precisely where the problem is causing pain, I get most

of my patients better and there is even a new version of steroids that can be

taken by mouth just for six days that combines an analgesic as well as a

medication that protects the belly of these patients, their patients take is

for six days when they are in trouble and not when they're not in pain.> Got it,

I'm gonna combine these two exercises and braces is another option?.> So exercise

is a great they're important for everyone maintaining abdominal strength

is crucial, hamstring stretching, is very important and just generally staying

active because remember disks get their hydration by diffusion, meaning that if

there is no piston in of bones above and below those discs may degenerate faster,

there isn't good evidence of this but this is sort of what makes sense, so

activity is very very good for maintaining health of the discs.> And the

last one is epidurals, you are very high on those epidural .> Now I

know, I don't do these I send patients to a couple of clinicians who do a great

job, these have a potential for risks, so it's important to do these sparingly,

it's important to go to somebody who is very experienced, and who does

nothing but, braces are reasonable as well but only as a short-term

pain relief, remember that with bracing you're not using your muscles, muscles

atrophy and then without a brace there's no more pain, so a brace can be a crutch,

it would be a good idea to use it only when a patient really is, what they call

here in Miami dolor insoportable, I really want one when it's pain that's

just out of control.

For more infomation >> Treatment Options for Scoliosis - Duration: 2:41.

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cancer treatment with chlorine dioxide, a major advance March 2018 - Duration: 28:33.

Hello

It's still so impressive to see so many people.

the week has been long and complicated for me.

Monday we presented our research to the National Agency for Drug Safety.

Tuesday it was the council of the order of doctors.

and today I have the pleasure of being in front of you.

This morning I had the immense pleasure of doing a walk with Francis in the Vosges (French mountains).

which, for more than one reason, was extraordinary for me.

I would just like to try to be clear.

cancer there are about 400,000 new cases a year.

we do not address the almost benign cancer.

like small cancers of the prostate, small breast cancers, that's about 180 000 to 200 000 cancers.

we are only addressing the tumor for which there is no treatment today.

that is to say roughly between 180 000 and 200 000 tumors.

It is in these patients that we are trying to develop a treatment.

it's only for those patients.

We do not want to substitute for effective treatments when they exist.

it is only for diseases for which there is no treatment today that we want to be effective.

I came here last year,

and the theme of the conference was an attempt to simplify cancer

and to be able to say, cancer is a simple disease, it's only the Warburg effect.

So I came, it was what I had introduced you at the time

I will come back to this point for 5 to 10 minutes

then we will go on what interests you more

about what we think is a probably definitive breakthrough in cancer treatment.

So that cancer is the Warburg effect, I'm just reminding you a bit for those who were not there

Warburg, Nobel Prize in Medicine, understood in 1920, it was a long time ago, that cancer is a disease of fermentation of sugar

you have here a PET scan of a patient who has been injected with radioactive sugar

and you see that his cancer in the ganglions of the neck and mediastin fixes the sugar

what Warburg says in 1920 is that all cancers fix sugar

and this uptake of sugar that can not be burned and secretes lactic acid is what explains cancer.

So we are in 1920, I will not tell you this story again.

but what Otto Warburg says is that the mitochondria work poorly, he speaks of granules because the term mitochondria does not exist yet

and he says that the granules do not work well

and that there is secretion of lactic acid.

For him cancer is that and it is only that.

And he will have the Nobel Prize for medicine but not for the Warburg effect.

he will die in the 70's

and the second part of his life will be less productive than the first.

but in the cancerology medicine books we started with the Warburg effect which was gradually forgotten to be replaced by molecular biology.

I will quickly go over all this.

So obviously the question we asked ourselves last time : if we understand that cancer is only the Warburg effect, ie a fermentation of sugar

if we understand that it is only that, then the obvious question is how can we lift the Warburg effect?

how can we make the cell burn and when burning stops dividing

so obviously there are the weapons that we know

if you remove the fermenting tissue by surgery or radiotherapy

if you are treating with chemotherapy

and at the time we demonstrated on 20000 mice that a combination of lipoic acid and hydroxycitrate prevented tumor fermentation and tumor growth.

And the last thing that is fundamental for patients is the ketogenic diet.

I would not talk much.

but you will understand easily that when your tumor ferments to sugar it makes sense to reduce its consumption.

what is impressive for me today is that, in a year, we saw in the press the fact that sugar is a poison and is responsible for many diseases

it appeared a year ago when it has been known for many years and it has been more or less concealed.

and we realize that sugar has replaced cholesterol as a great scourge. Cholesterol that we all know perfectly innocent in cardiovascular diseases

on the other hand, sugar is not.

I will not go into more detail about the ketogenic diet

I leave it may be to Francis the pleasure of talking about it.

but on the other hand I come to an essential subject, it's chemotherapy.

then chemotherapy was developed to kill tumor cells.

and here you see a patient who has colon cancer with hepatic metastases

that's what takes light at PET scan

you treat it with chemotherapy

and you see that the Warburg effect is lifted

it stops fermenting and it does not catch glucose

and there is a real debate today on how chemotherapy works.

is it a way to kill malignant cells and have pre-surgical treatment or is it only a way to regulate tumor fermentation ?

and we know that if you treat testicular cancer in young people with chemotherapy, you know that if you have a residual mass of less than 2 cm after chemotherapy

The mass is still there but it breathes so it is not toxic.

so it is very likely that chemo lifts the Warburg effect

the problem of chemo is that it is toxic and that it is not very effective in the majority of frequent cancers

in glioblastoma we have 15% response, in pancreatic cancer we have 15% response

we must agree on the term of response, that is to say, the tumor mass decreases a time but it starts again.

and especially something that is relatively little studied and that is fundamental is that when you take for example pancreas cancer or gliobastoma, then you have a time a response to chemo,

and then after it's terrible, it grows very quickly and the patient dies.

so the most likely it is that chemo damages mitochondria, it kills some cells but it damages the mitochondria

and when you're in those moments or after a chemo, cancer blazes, the patients die with a speed and a frightening frequency

so that one in the other you had some answers but you did not improve the survival

and that explains part of the failure of modern chemotherapy treatment.

this lesion of mitochondria by chemo induces an intense glycolitic syndrome.

Well, I'm going back a little bit on what we've already said about lipoic acid and hydroxycitrate

since a year ago there are publications that confirm that we had reasons and that the data were correct.

So there are some improved lipoic acids that are coming out on the market, one is called the CPI-613 which is in the USA.

There are others who arrive

there are experimental confirmations at the Guido Kremer Lab and at Harvard. All this goes in the same direction.

and there are even American publications that show that patients treated by our protocol or a common protocol regress with chemo-free treatment.

so that's things that are gradually being put in place and are confirmed.

just for those who love biochemistry. So lipoic acid lifts the valve between the mitochondria and the cytoplasm. That is, it allows the tumor to burn again.

And hydroxycitrate prevents leakage to the CRA and prevents the use of glutamine.

All this to tell you, and I will not lose you in biochemistry, all this is widely known and all this makes perfect sense.

so it slows down the tumor in bladder cancer in melanoma in lung cancer, all these are things we already Knew.

So now we are going to move into the second and real part of the topo.

So we had a year ago, different elements that combined together were walking.

but if the patients took lipoic acid and hydroxycitrate alone without anything else, the tumor grew less quickly but did not regress.

men are not like mice.

in mice it resulted in stabilization, in humans it leads to slower growth.

so we had to combine lipoic acid and hydroxycitrate with other things, so we combined with ketogenic diet, with chemo

and at that price we saw beneficial effects, we saw patients who survived

but something else was needed.

and that's what happened over the last year and that's why I'm here.

There is something new today, it is chlorine dioxide.

So that's something you've probably never heard of.

I had not heard about it and it's clearly not my invention.

2 years ago, a patient called me, pancreatic cancer, inoperable, he asks me opinion : "Make a mild chemo and add lipoic acid hydroxycitrate and cut the sugars with the cetogenic diet" i said.

he lives in the middle of nowhere, far from everything. He refused chemo but did not tell me.

and he will live the hell of all the people who resist. That is to say that it will collide with the oncologist of Brive, the oncologist of Bordeaux.

He will find himself alone. And he will take chlorine dioxide.

it's not my idea at all. Nor that of Francis. This is his idea. He heard chlorine dioxide from a friend who also had pancreatic cancer.

but that I do not know. So he will take chlorine dioxide with lipoic acid hydroxycitrate and ketogenic diet

he is still on these legs. It's 17, 18 months since the beginning of the story.

so for those who know about pancreatic cancer, people on real pancreatic adenocarninoma, so fatal diseases, at 3 months or 6 months

to have someone who has no chemo, no radiation and no surgery, except for derivations, who is standing, it is really amazing.

So we were facing someone who was surviving.

so when someone like that comes, the first question that comes to you is "is this guy crazy?"

that's the question everybody is asking

and so Norbert has the kindness to come and I can assure you he is not crazy.

he is a completely normal person

totally measured

and who did not want debilitating chemotherapy and who decided to care for himself.

and I have the chance to invite him to speak at the conservator of arts and crafts

More than a year ago

and I'm lucky that Francis tollen, who will speak after me, is here

and of course we ask ourselves "what is going on?" and "what are we talking about?"

chlorine dioxide or chlorite, which is the mother solution, are things I've never heard of.

So let's go back to the history of chlorine dioxide

So I remind you, the Warbug effect is 1920

the chlorine dioxyde is discovered by Bertholet

It's in 1775 or something like that

This is before the French Revolution.

It's chlorine, it's a cousin of bleach, it's a cousin of Dakin's liquid for washing wounds.

and we understand even before we have isolated germs, that when we wash our hands with chlorinated water (at the time we do not know very well what is chloric hypochlorous, it's chemistry)

that we can sterilize things.

and during the cholera epidemic of 1832

So long before Warburg and well before the industrialization of Saint Amarin

well we can sterilize and Dr Semmelweis who realized in 1840 that bacteria are harmful to women who give birth

well he will wash his hands in water with chlorine dioxide

chlorine dioxide is available over the counter

and that's all the beauty of this

you can find it at the "vieux campeur" (popular french store) for example

everywhere including in the chlorination of drinking water

in the pool water etc ...

so it's an extremely well known molecule

extremely well characterized

and of which we produce 1,5 million tons worldwide

so it's something very well known.

so obviously we gonna ask ourselves the following question :

is there an adjunct to metabolic treatment ?

is it a treatment that can replace chemotherapy?

and if so, how does it work?

So the real questions of scientist.

and so we spend a few months trying to understand what's going on.

the next slide is unfortunately not easily readable, so let it go, but it's for me a reminder.

so if we put chlorine dioxide on the mitochondria, on the cells

then chlorine dioxide boosts mitochondrial activity at concentrations that are highly compatible with human concentrations, and the mitochondria starts again.

so we had probably found what we were looking for, ie the complementary treatment with lipoic acid and hydroxycitrate that we had before and which was not a chemotherapy.

So how is it made?

then you usually buy it in liquid form but it also exists in solid form.

Chlorine dioxide is a free radical, it's a thing that has a very short half-life

so you have to make it.

we did not do it expressly. it's like that.

so you have to mix two things :

an acid, in this case hydrochloric acid

and sodium chlorite

then sodium chlorite is not sodium chloride, it is not cooking salt.

and that's the sodium chlorite you buy to purify your pool water

and you have to wait 3 minutes for a chemical reaction to occur

and you will get after diluted chlorine dioxide

this chlorine dioxide has a particular color, an amber color.

and it's not so easy to activate, the doses must be the same on both sides

you have to wait 3 minutes precisely

if you go too fast, you will drink sodium chlorite which is very abrasive.

and if you put too much acid, it will not be pleasant to drink

but if you do it correctly

there is a molecule called chlorine dioxide that is produced.

I will then describe the few patient cases that were followed

what Norbert was doing and I'm just reporting

first he continued to take lipoic acid and hydroxycitrate

if you do not take lipoic acid and hydroxycitrate at the same time, it's not effective.

the mitochondria must be restarted by the means at our disposal

that is, the metabolic treatment that we know, the ketogenic diet and also the chlorine dioxyde.

and you will at first increase the frequency to arrive at a dozen catch per day

what that means is not so easy, the patient will have to get up at night

but I remind you that cancer grows at night, like the beard

and for those who like me, made guards at the hospital, they know that it is the night that dies the cancerous, it is the night they suffer

because cancer follows a nycthemeral rhythm

rhythm of the day and night

and cancer grows at night.

so you have to take it at night too

because chlorine dioxide has a very short half-life

it's an unstable molecule

you have to make it

must wait

and you have to take, at first, a drop a day

then go up to two, three drops a day

always spaced

and the toxicity of chlorine dioxide is well known

because that's what we use to Chlorinate the water, the pool

but also the drinking water, exetera ...

so you have a literature that is vast

and we know that the doses that are recommended three times are much lower than the toxic doses

but there is not even a very clear toxic dose.

But on the other hand and that's the fundamental point

this treatment only makes sense if the patients follow their illness.

and there are 60 to 70% of patients

tumor markers that can be measured.

it's called PSA in prostate cancer.

it's called ACE in digestive cancers.

it's called the monoclonal peak in myeloma

so we can follow the evolution and that's how we can quickly see if we have an effect or not.

and it's within 15 days, not in 6 months, that you see something.

and if there was a fundamental point in the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide

is that it is unthinkable that patients measure their markers only every two months !

a diabetic is blood sugar three times a day.

for a patient who has sepsis, it is an antibiogram every day.

it can not be admitted that cancer patients measure their markers every two months.

you have to follow these markers closely

and it's only by following them very closely

and with now the emergence of new therapies, that we can progress.

I will now tell you the case of a patient named Marie-Jo

she testified on our website "guérir du cancer"

metastatic pancreatic cancer

inoperable and therefore incurable

she is approximately stabilized for 2 years by chemotherapy

she goes on ketogenic diet but it does not work

the markers are a testimony of the evolution of the disease

you can observe evolution in many ways :

- the patient's face, this is very important

- the way he opens the door to you, it tells you a lot

but you also have radiological exams, clinical analyzes

and you also have the markers.

and you see that under ketogenic diet alone it does not work

the markers go up

this is the phase, I was talking about, where everything burn after chemotherapy

and we know that the patient will die in a few weeks.

and Marie-Jo calls me and she starts, following what Norbert and Francis said, to take chlorine dioxide.

a dozen times a day

with lipoic acid and hydroxycitrate

and you see these markers go down

there are two more points that I did not have on the diagram but it continues to decrease.

so you see a collapse of the markers and obviously Marie-Jo feels better

and his doctor wonders what's going on while being happy to live those moments that we only live once in his life.

Finally, there it is

I do not speak about Francis I think he will talk about it himself.

what we currently have on the first 9 patients

there is a little bit of everything

treated largely by themselves.

on the first 9 patients, all chemo-resistant patients, so chemo does not work anymore

all but one patient with pancreatic cancer are stable at two months

which is unexpected.

and all that without strong toxicity

except for a little nausea and vomiting when the doses are a bit high

in this case it is necessary to reduce the doses.

so we get the impression that we are dealing with something extraordinarily active

so now are going to ask all the questions that go behind.

firstly, is it true is it wrong?

will it be confirmed or not?

it's the uncertainties of life.

then the council of the order of French doctors advised me not to talk about it until we were sure

my opinion is that all this is concordant

between our previous work and what was published after

but obviously all this is confirmed little by little

that's why we went to the National Agency for Drug Security

excuse me the name of the agency changes with each health scandal.

to propose a trial to verify all this.

and obviously the question arises of the place of chemotherapy in this kind of pathology.

to go back on chlorine dioxide,

the way we understand what's going on

the dioxide is extremely small like molecule

dioxide, 2 oxygen, chlorine, 3 atoms

difficult to make smaller

so it goes everywhere

but it's only activated in certain tissues that are the basic tissues...

and when you are in a basic tissue and only the cancerous cells are basic

then your molecule of chlorine dioxide explodes

And so will harm the cells

and produce free radicals.

So we have an extremely small molecule.

It goes everywhere.

It does not need to be carried by a key lock system.

and it will only react roughly with tumors.

So it's infinitely powerful.

This will produce free radicals.

so it's a debate among us right now to find out if these are the same free radicals as chemotherapy.

I can not answer you. I have an opinion but it is only an opinion.

I am incompetent in the chemistry of this kind of thing so I will not say anything.

But it's specific, non-toxic and it's probably the same mechanism as chemotherapy but infinitely more powerful.

so we have to ask ourselves the following questions :

First. Is all this credible?

For that we need time to find out

Secondly. Will we be able to replace chemotherapy with a molecule that costs nothing, is over-the-counter and is extremely specific?

the cost of treatment for 1 year with chlorine dioxide will cost between 20 and 30 €.

Last point.

There are 2 domains that are currently advancing in cancer :

There is metabolic treatment.

I remind you that on a server like PubMed, a medical application server, there is nearly a million publications on "metabolism and cancer".

so it's not an esoteric domain.

and there is the field of immunotherapy.

and how does immunotherapy work?

it is something that is not very clear.

We know that when we make antibodies, that it stimulates lymphocytes etc ...

the point so I wanted to talk to you

is that these white blood cells will kill the tumor cells

but the intermediary with which they will kill them is the cousin of the chlorine dioxide which is hypochlorite.

So most probably we have something in common with what we are trying to do, which is a therapy that apparently does not seem too violent

and all imutherapies at 100,000 or 400,000 euros per year and who probably use the same metabolic pathways.

So the message is : There is something new that is something extremely simple, possibly in the short or medium term, that will replace or supplement chemotherapy.

and which can allow, if the civil society moves, to treat effectively the cancers in the short or medium term.

thank you

For more infomation >> cancer treatment with chlorine dioxide, a major advance March 2018 - Duration: 28:33.

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Peripheral Artery Disease (P.A.D): Treatment - Duration: 2:19.

> Talk about the different treatment options for PAD. Tell us a little bit

about that and how important it is to get these treatments? > So usually we start

with medical therapy, that includes use of aspirin,

which is antiplatelet agent, so it helps the platelets from sticking together and

causing sticking together and decreasing the blood flow to the arteries... And also

another big thing is use of statins. > Yes can you explain what statins is? > So

statins are medications which decrease the bad cholesterol. -- okay -- And then we

also use lifestyle modifications which include quitting smoking and also

modifying the risk factors like diabetes, and high blood pressure > Now with statins

though are they able to treat atherosclerosis as well? > So they can if

they -- they can help? -- their prevent the progression of atherosclerosis but in

some cases if people stick to... stick to like lifestyle modifications and are

controlling other risk factors as well they can lead to regression of the

back as well. > Wow. > And then we have the antiplatelet therapy and if we can go

into a little bit of detail of what that is? > So antiplatelet therapy as I was

trying to as I was explaining, it's basically how it works on the platelets.

Platelets are the are the cells and the blood that actually cause blood clots. So

if only if they stick together so antiplatelet agents prevent these these

cells from sticking together and causing the blood clot and when there's already

a narrowing of the artery and actually... so platelets can plug that artery to

block it. So that's what antiplatelet agents are for. > So is that why it's

beneficial because it blocks it? > No it prevents it from blocking.

For more infomation >> Peripheral Artery Disease (P.A.D): Treatment - Duration: 2:19.

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Treatment Options for Spondylolisthesis | Plano, TX | Texas Health Spine and Orthopedic Center - Duration: 1:25.

I'm Dr. Blake Staub. I'm a neurosurgeon I specialize in minimally invasive spine

surgery as well as complex revision surgery and deformity surgery. To treat

spondylolisthesis that's not mobile and doesn't really have the patients that

don't have a lot of back pain but it's really they have leg pain and a specific

distribution we can usually attribute that to one nerve and so some say some

doctors would say okay well it's a there's a slip we have to do a fusion I

don't necessarily believe in that I think if it's a stable slip especially

in an older person doing a small microscopic decompression of that one

nerve is sometimes way better than doing a big fusion surgery the recovery is

quicker you usually go home the same day or the next day your pain is less than

the bigger surgery you're back to your normal life a lot sooner and again you

can always do more surgery you can't do less so I always like to opt for the

smallest surgery first and if we need to do something big in the future then do

that in the future

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