Chagas Disease, also called American trypanosomiasis, is a parasitic disease common in Central and
South America, caused by a protozoan called Trypanosoma cruzi or T. cruzi for short.
T. cruzi is transmitted through the feces of the insect triatominae.
Triatominae is a type of reduviid bug also called the kissing bug because it typically
bites people on the face as they sleep at night - one heck of a good night kiss, huh?
The disease gets its name from Carlos Chagas, the physician who first described it.
The life cycle of T. cruzi starts with the epimastigote T. cruzi which sits in the lumen
of the Reduviid bug's midgut.
–Mastigote refers to the whip-like structure called a flagellum which protrudes from the
center of the T. cruzi and helps it move around.
While in the midgut, the epimastigote multiplies through binary fission.
Over time, the epimastigote transforms into a trypomastigote and at that point it loses
its ability to divide, but the trade-off is that it gains the ability to invade human
cells.
In fact "trypo" means to bore or punch into.
Reduviid bugs feed off the blood of humans, and they prefer biting a person's face,
which is why they're also called kissing bugs.
But unlike a normal kiss, the reduviid bug then defecates at the bite site, and if the
reduviid bug is infected with T. cruzi, the feces can contain trypomastigotes.
These trypomastigotes can then infect human skin cells at the bite location; or at mucous
membranes, particularly the conjunctiva of the eyes.
That can happen if a person unknowingly transfers the trypomastigotes by rubbing the bite site
on their face and then touching their eyes.
Once the trypomastigote invades a human cell, it transforms into an amastigote meaning that
it loses its flagellum.
The amastigotes multiply intracellularly, again through binary fission, and then transform
into blood trypomastigotes which can move through the blood and lymph to other tissues.
The blood trypomastigotes then invade more cells, and then again turn into amastigotes
to multiply intracellularly again - and that's how the cycle goes.
Now, a person infected by a T. cruzi infected reduviid bug, can then get bitten by a brand
new reduviid bug.
In that case, that reduviid bug might get infected by the trypomastigotes, and those
trypomastigotes would make their way into the reduviid bug's midgut and then differentiate
into epimastigotes - completing the life cycle.
Transmission from the reduviid bug to a person can also happen through infected organ and
blood donations, which is why blood screening is super important, and it can also spread
from mother to child during a pregnancy.
Now when a person is infected with Chagas disease, there's initially an incubation
period of up to two weeks.
During that incubation period, T. cruzi trypomastigotes invade host cells, amastigotes multiply, and
blood trypomastigote levels begin to increase in the blood.
Usually there's local inflammation as immune cells move towards the area of tissue damage.
When this happens at the bite site it's called a chagoma, and if it happens around
the eye, it can cause eyelid swelling which is called a Romaña's sign.
Further inflammation can also lead to meningoencephalitis, which is inflammation of the membranes covering
the brain and brain tissue, and hepatosplenomegaly, which is when the liver and spleen become
enlarged.
Trypomastigotes have a tendency to target certain tissues and cells - like smooth muscle,
cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle, as well as neurons.
When those cells are damaged it can lead to problems like a pericardial effusion where
fluid collects around the heart which disrupts its function, or issues with the electrical
signals in the heart leading to heart block.
Generalized tissue damage can also lead to symptoms like fevers and fatigue.
The acute phase resolves when T. cruzi trypomastigotes are cleared from the blood, and over time,
antibodies against T. cruzi gradually decrease, indicating that the infection has been cleared.
However, in some individuals, that doesn't happen, and they go on to the chronic phase
of the infection.
In the chronic phase amastigotes linger in infected cells, and there are elevated levels
of T. cruzi antibodies even though trypomastigotes aren't usually in the blood.
The chronic phase can be asymptomatic, but some individuals develop progressive symptoms
from nerve and muscle damage.
The most notable symptom is cardiomyopathy, where the heart gets really large, which in
turn can cause arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation and heart failure.
There can also be nerve damage; and gastrointestinal tract symptoms, like enlargement of the esophagus
and colon - called megaesophagus and megacolon.
The most definitive diagnosis for the acute phase is made by microscopic detection of
blood trypomastigotes in a blood smear or buffy coat preparation.
Polymerase chain reaction to detect T. cruzi DNA is also possible for certain sub-species,
even at very low levels in the blood.
But there's no "gold-standard" for diagnosing the chronic phase of the infection.
Some helpful tools are serology which identifies antibodies or molecular tests that look for
the presence of T. cruzi antibodies or antigens.
There's also xenodiagnosis which is when a reduviid bug's midgut is tested for T.
cruzi.
Finally, imaging like a chest X-ray to look at the size of the heart or a barium swallow
study to look for swelling of the colon can be helpful.
Finally, in the advanced stages, an electrocardiogram can be done to identify arrhythmias.
Treatment depends on the phase of the diseases.
The most effective way to resolve the acute phase beginning anti-parasitic medication,
like benznidazole or nifurtimox, early after infection and continuing for 2 to 4 months.
The chronic phase is mostly about managing the symptoms of cardiomyopathy, like with
pacemakers or anticoagulation medications, and treated cases of reactivation with anti-parasitic
medication.
A heart transplant may become necessary in advanced stages.
Alright, as a quick recap: Chagas disease is caused by an infectious parasite, Trypanosoma
cruzi that is most commonly transmitted through the feces of a reduviid bug after a bite.
In the acute phase, symptoms include inflammation and fever; and in the chronic phase there's
gastrointestinal disease
and cardiomyopathy.
For more infomation >> Chagas disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology - Duration: 7:57.-------------------------------------------
Customizing keto to help treat cancer - Duration: 0:58.
This is what my brain tumor looks like in 2013
and it's not a glioblastoma.
It actually in some ways is better and in some ways is worse
because it likes to travel through the spinal column
and spread to every organ in your body.
And I had brain surgery
and the oncologist and the neurologist were like, "This is awesome, we got most of it."
I'm like, "Most of it?"
And then they said, "Don't worry, go home, everything is going to be great."
I get on Dr. Google and I basically...
if I have chemo and radiation I have less than a year to live.
And I actually think that terminal malignant diagnosis was my best friend,
because I knew that if I did standard of care, and my doctors did not tell me this,
that I would die.
So here I am.
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Piles Treatment-Permanent Cure of Piles at Home-Get 90% Relief in 1 Day - Duration: 2:13.
Namsate! I am Sachin Goyal and I welcome you to this program for public welfare.
Friends, If you are suffering from piles then follow this acupressure tip and home remedy to cure piles permanently.
Acupressure point for piles is located at the center between wrist joint and elbow joint.
You have to press this point with thumb, keep it pressed for 5 seconds and then release.
Press it 10-15 times.
Friends, when you press it you may find a painful area/spot. That is the acupressure point, you have to press it.
You may not be able to find exact point at once.
Press this whole center area and find out painful point which is right acupressure point.
You should press it on both hands.
You can press it 1 to 2 times a day.
You can press it at any time.
It gives instant relief in piles.
Pressing it daily cures piles very quickly.
Use this acupressure point to cure piles permanently.
Prepare home remedy for piles using carrot and spinach.
Take out 3/4 th glass of carrot juice.
Add 1/4 th glass of spinach juice to it and mix it well.
Add some black salt (rock salt) to it for taste.
Friends, carrot and spinach both are loaded with fiber which is necessary to keep digestion fit.
Also they keep abdomen cool.
The main cause of piles is high abdominal heat.
This home remedy helps to make digestion proper and balance the abdominal heat.
This two fold benefit of this remedy uproots and cures piles rapidly.
You should drink this 1 glass juice daily at any time.
It will give 90% relief in very first day.
When you continue it daily, it will cure piles within few days.
DON'T eat fried and spicy food because they make digestion improper and increase abdominal heat.
So avoid these things completely during home remedy course and also consume them less even after you cure piles.
You will get rid of piles permanently by this way.
Click Subscribe button below video to keep watching my acupressure tips, health tips and health facts.
Click above boxesTo Subscribe & Watch next videos
-------------------------------------------
Diabetic Plant | Medicinal Plant for Diabetes Treatment - Duration: 8:03.
insolent plant for diabetes Kostas ligneous insulin plant is a medicinal
plant and capable of having magic cure for diabetes leaf of this horrible plant
helps to build up insulin by strengthening better cells of pancreas
in the human body this popularly known as insulin plant
the leaves of this horrible merciful plant are used to control blood sugar
levels or in treatment of diabetes the patient has to consume two leaves in the
morning and two leaves in the evening for first week from the second week one
leaf in the morning and one in the evening this dosage should be continued
for 30 days the leaves of insulin plant must be chilled well before swallowing
after chewing the leaves or leaf have a little water having natural
concentration of kuru silica acid insulin plant can have a positive effect
on blood sugar levels colic acid works and metabolism of glucose process like
insulin that reduces blood sugar levels by transporting glucose into cells and
out of the bloodstream this can be beneficial to anyone who has trouble
with high blood sugar levels and particularly to that in diabetes the
patients who are suffering from acute diabetes or advise to eat these leaves
by thoroughly chewing twice a day that is in the morning and in the evening to
control the blood sugar level diabetes is a disease of metabolism where body
not able to synthesis sufficient insulin or the blood cells stop responding to
the insulin produced in the body the leaves of insulin plant contain mostly
of kuru silicic acid which is beneficial and controlling diabetic the colic acid
present in the green leaves induces the insulin production and thus controls
hyperglycemia in the blood both Ayurvedic and allopathic
practitioners recommend the chewing the insulin leaves twice a day to bring the
blood sugar level totally under control if it is difficult to get the fresh
insulin leaves for the convenience of the patients the dried leaves powder is
also available commercially you can easily purchase it at any time add the
powder in the water boil it well and after cooling consume the water two
times a day in the morning before breakfast stomach a night before going
to bed to get the desired effect thus insulin plant is the cheapest way to
control which sugar level within the period of one month
generally insulin plant is known for its quality of controlling blood sugar level
but other than this plant has many other medicinal values the extract of the
plant are useful in treating many types of skin problems the leaves are used in
curing this is like fever asthma and even from cadiz the plant extracts are
very useful in enhancing the beauty of eyelashes the people especially kids who
are suffering from stomach worms are advised to consume the leaves or leaf
powder of the insulin plant all cleaves to treat diabetes and obesity our plants
are found everywhere in different species it beers bluish white flowers
with Ronnie fruits how our Cleaves can treat obesity and diabetes take two full
leaves of a plant from the opposite side which is little rough place it on your
feed soul and weird socks do the same with both the feet make sure that the
leaves are touching your soles completely allow the leaves to stay
there for whole day before going to sleep remove it and wash your legs
repeat the process with new leaves for a week after the week go for the blood
sugar checkup scientific base of using arc leaves for diabetes every curious
mind asks the question how it is good thing you must be getting curious to
know how actually oak leaves helps to lower blood glucose according to an
experiment done in rats they found that the leaves and the flowers were
effective to lower down serum glucose the administration of leaf and flower
extracts do step deserters in induced diabetes showed a significant reduction
in serum glucose levels it is concluded that chloroform extracts of Cala trapeze
began tea leaves and flus have significant anti-diabetic activity
precautions for oak leaves the milk hosing from our cleaves or poisonous
don't allow it to go inside your eyes otherwise it can damage your sight if
you were diabetic patient or fed up of unhealthy body then must give it a try
check it only well papaya leaves balance blood sugar based on the research
studies it was found that the phytonutrient compounds in papaya leaves
act in synergy to display a strong antioxidant and immune enhancing impact
in the bloodstream popping alkaloids and phenolic compounds are responsible for
their positive biological effects the nutrition inside the papaya leaf is
incredible diabetics have three good reasons to try papaya leaf extracts now
let us prepare papaya leaf tea for this we need papaya leaves and water take
about add some water add some papaya leaves
and allow it to boil for 10 minutes
benefits of papaya leaf tea enhances insulin sensitivity poor insulin
sensitivity is the cause for type 2 diabetes which causes inefficient
glucose uptake by the cells a study on Meridian population showed that papaya
leaf extract supplementation decreased the enzyme levels of alt and ast by
omakr soft type 2 diabetes among diabetic patients and improve insulin
sensitivity decreases diabetes complications the mix of antioxidants in
papaya leaf extracts are helpful in decreasing the secondary complications
of diabetes such as fatty liver kidney damage and oxidative stress accelerates
own healing the process of own healing is delayed or hindered in a debate
patient and can cause other complications many studies have
confirmed that consuming papaya leaves enhanced the process of old healing due
to its antibacterial and remarkable antioxidant action the health benefits
extend beyond blood sugar stabilization some clinical studies have confirmed
that the papaya leaf extracts effectively inhibit cancer cell growth
and improve immune activity the best way to consume the papaya leaves is in the
form of tea prepare a tea infusion by adding 10 leaves to half a liter water
now take this water into your glass allow it to boil till the quantity of
water is decreased to half cool and consume in small doses as needed to
treat into addition for detoxifying for immune building purposes or as a gentle
tonic by taking this tree regularly you can maintain stable blood sugar levels
for any queries and suggestions feel free to comment in below comment box
thanks for watching this video for more videos like us and subscribe to get
latest updates and notifications click on Bell button
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U.S. Naval, Japanese medical professionals share treatment methods - Duration: 1:45.
With the growth of Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, available staff and resources for
healthcare are limited until the new Robert M. Casey Medical and Dental Clinic opens this summer.
Until then, base residents rely on the host nation's medical care for treatment and support.
Naval medical officers joined local Japanese medical specialists for this year's Joint
Medical Symposium, Feb. 23, to collaborate treatment plans and healthcare ideas.
Col. Richard Fuerst, commanding officer of MCAS Iwakuni, spoke to guests at the event.
"I'm looking forward to improving everything that we are able to do primarily from an administrative
point of view so that we all understand what the rules are and that we're not taking
advantage of you and that our patients aren't taking advantage of you and that we're better
neighbors in Iwakuni City and the surrounding areas.
So, I'm very interested in that and we're going to work hard to improve the situation."
The symposium allows Naval and Japanese professionals a chance to network with
like-minded individuals to help build a stronger medical community for the air station.
Lt. Sara Brubaker, a Naval Doctor of Physical Therapy, presented during the symposium.
"So with this medical symposium the keynote speakers were myself and one of the orthopedic
surgeons from Iwakuni Care Clinic and so we discussed different types of patients that
the orthopedic surgeon sees and then how physical therapists would work with those patients as well."
This year, twenty-two guests from MCAS Iwakuni and thirty-nine Japanese guests attended the symposium.
Reporting from Iwakuni, Japan, I'm Marine Sgt. Sara Abrego.
-------------------------------------------
Rejuvalex Hair Growth Treatment - Rejuvalex Phone Number - Duration: 1:22.
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Woman in Omaha for Leukemia treatment has truck stolen - Duration: 2:22.
For more infomation >> Woman in Omaha for Leukemia treatment has truck stolen - Duration: 2:22. -------------------------------------------
Onslow Co. works to battle the opioid crisis with new treatment center - Duration: 4:04.
For more infomation >> Onslow Co. works to battle the opioid crisis with new treatment center - Duration: 4:04. -------------------------------------------
Rejuvalex Scam - Rejuvalex Hair Growth Treatment - Duration: 1:26.
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