Auto news on Youtube Nov 30 2018

The beauty about science is that it's always changing. The thing that changes is

technology - how do you do things. And sometimes the technology doesn't exist

to be able to do what you want to do and then you develop the technology. If you

can't do something figure out how to do it!

That required me to have a hypodermic

that was very very small and a microscope to be able to see the cells,

and then to be able to put the needle into the nucleus, and then to deliver the

DNA into the nucleus. And next to me was Larry Okun, a colleague, and he was

using an instrument to actually record electrical currents in a cell. I looked

at his apparatus and it looked pretty much like a hypodermic needle to me. And

so instead of having a needle to record electricity then I would have a needle

that then would be able to contain DNA, and I could put some pressure into this

needle and then use as a hypodermic to put into the nucleus of a cell.

The tip of the needle is so small that I can't see it under this microscope. The

needle is about a hundredth as big as a hair maybe one-thousandth, somewhere in that

range, so it's a very small needle and you have to be very careful with it

because if you touch it on something it explodes. So you can't just

bzoom! And the microscope is what we call an inverted microscope. It's

actually looking at the image from bottom up. And the reason for that

is that we want to be able to play up at above but see from below. So it was

the first time that somebody had actually taken DNA, put it into a cell

into the nucleus, and then shown that it functions.

You know, this allows us to put anything you want into a cell. Proteins, you know,

you name it! And so then that's lit up a a light bulb, bam! If I could do that,

for example, in a mouse embryo, whoo! I could change any gene I want!

Well I think the machine was the right tool simply because it works. You

know, for a while I carried this thing around in a suitcase. I'd

give a lecture and then afterwards I'd pull it out like the Fuller Brush man and

show my ware and then show them how to do it. And that was important because

if I develop a technology and I'm the only person that can utilize it, it's

worthless. You're seeing cells you but can move them around and here's your

needle, boom boom boom, and they and you're doing one one after another. I got pretty

good at this machine I could do about a thousand per hour, worked 10 hours, so I

could do about 10,000 a day. And so I had Patsy Cline turned up high-volume, I've

take a lot of coffee, I'm a coffee addict, so then I'm really hypered up and then I

can really go. It's just like a video game. This is an antique,

but it's a cute antique.